Dr. J. Murie on the Upupidse. 209 



Fig. 15. Spine from the dorsum backwards, the pelvis, ribs, and shoulder- 

 girdle attached : 1 & 2, foremost two free ribs ; pu, pubis. 



Fig. 16. Upper or dorsal aspect of the pelvis. 



Fig. 17. The right femur or thigh-bone, from behind. 



Fig. 18. Shank, viz. right tibia (t) and fibula (/), from in front. 



Fig. 19. Ankle-joint or upper articular surface of tarsus, about double 

 natural size. 



Fig. 20. The right tarso-metatarse, its posterior aspect : m, metatarsal 

 element. 



Fig. 21. Inferior knuckled end of the same bone, but magnified two 

 diameters. 



Fig. 22. Bones of the right foot, seen from the inside : i., n., in., iv., digits 

 respectively. 



Fig. 23. Side view of the sternum of the South-African Hoopoe, Upupa 

 minor. 



Fig. 24. Interior (or upper) surface of the same bone. 



Fig. 25. Outline or foreshortened anterior view of the same sternum. 

 (No. 760a, Newton's MS.) 

 Letters referring to the three preceding : — /', rostrum ; f. foramen at its 



root ; p, process surmounting it for attachment of the coracoid ligaments ; 



cog, coracoid groove; cp, costal process; ex, external xiphoid bar; pn, 



pneumatic foramen ; k, keel. 



Plate VI. 



Various bones of species of Irrisor, of natural size, save figs. 36, 37, 44, 

 and 47, which are enlarged about twice their real dimensions. 



Fig. 26. Ventral surface, sternum of Irrisor senegalensis. 



Fig. 27. Interior of the same breast-bone. 



Fig. 28. Under view, sternum of Irrisor erythrorhynchus. No. 627a, 

 Newton's Osteol. Cat. ; specimen forwarded him by the late 

 Mr. Andersson from Damaraland. 



Fig. 29. Furcula or united clavicles of the same specimen. 



Fig. 30. Foreshortened anterior view of the sternum of I. erythrorhynchus. 

 (No. 627a, Newton's Osteol. Cat.) 



Fig. 31. Sternum of I. senegalensis in profile. 



Fig. 32. Shoulder-girdle belonging to the above. 



The lettering used in Upupa, PI. V., applies to the the same parts in the 



foregoing, with the addition of: — pn, pneumatic forameu ; xf, xiphoid 



foramen ; s, scapula ; cl, clavicle ; ep, epicoracoid. 



Fig. 33. Skull, from above, of an Irrisor erythrorhynchus tf , specimen col- 

 lected by Mr. Jesse (Abyssinian Expedition) at Kokai, 12th 

 July, 1868. Specimen referred to by 0. Finsch, Trans. Zool. 

 Soc. vol. vii. p. 220, under b (No. 683). Occipital area in out- 

 line. 



Fig. 34. Upper surface, mandible of tin- same specimen. 



