94 



IUDO-MALAYAN SPECIES 



Walls of involucre bearing spines in tufts or ridges, but not completely 



hidden by them. 



Spiues in tufts, leaves glabrous, entire 



Spines in ridges* 



12. C. argyrophytta 



Leaves glabrous, entire ... 13. (7. armata. 



Leaves with cinereous or ferrugineous pubescence beneath, entire or 



serrate towards the apex 14. C. tribuloides 



Fruit sub-globose to sub-ovoid, more or less depressed, sometimes obscurely angled ; 

 waUs of involucre bearing transverse tuberculate zones; nuts usually more 

 than one. 



Leaves thinly coriaceous, with 10 to 12 pairs of nerves; involucre without 

 vertical grooves, its transverse ridges faintly tuberculate, dehiscing irregu- 

 larly or not at all 15. C. Sumatrana. 



Leaves coriaceous, with 16 to 20 nerves; grooved vertically and with 3 or 



4 very prominent, wavy, tuberculate, horizontal zones, dehiscence 4-valvular 16. C. Hitllettii. 







Fruit sub-globose, complanate f indehiscent ; involucre inseparable f 



plana, the flat surface smooth; the rest of the exterior with she 

 patelliform spines or tubercles, or tvith interrupted vertical ridfji 





Fruit with prismatic spines. 



■ 



Leaves glabrous on both surfaces. 



Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, with 7 to 9 pairs of nerves; 



nuts 1 to 3, ovoid, complanate 17. C Schefferiana. 



Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, with 7 to 8 



pairs of nerves ; nut solitary 18. C. rhamnifolia. 



Leaves flocculent, pubescent beneath, coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate- 

 lanceolate, with 6 to 7 pairs of nerves ; nuts solitary 19. C. Wallichii. 



Fruit with patelliform tubercles ; leaves minutely furf uraceouw*, pubescent beneath 20. C. nephelioides. 



Fruit with interrupted vertical ridges 21. C. Curtisii, 



Species of which the ripe fruit is unknown 22. C. Buruana. 





1. Castaxopsis indica, A, DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. i. (1863) 182 ; Prod. xvi. ii. 109. 



Young shoots, under surfaces of leaves at all ages, petioles and inflorescence minutely 

 rusty-tomentose or pubescent. Leaves elliptic- oblong, acute or shortly acuminate, sharply 

 but remotely serrate in the upper three fourths ; the base entire, obtuse, rarely acute; 



pper surface shining, glabrous, except the pubescent midrib; nerves 14 to 16 pairs 



prominent beneath; length of blade 4 to 8 in., breadth 1-75 to 3 in.; petiole '25 in. 

 Male spikes in lax, terminal or axillary panicles longer than the leaves; flowers glomer- 

 ulate ; perianth 6-partite ; stamens 12. Female spikes axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves ; 

 flowers solitary. Ripe involucres about 1 to 1-5 in. in diameter, densely covered with straight 



simple, unequally long, radiating, subulate, adpressed-pubescent prickles, the longest of 



inch measures nearly -5 in. Nut ovoid, -25 to -5 in. long.— Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd. B 

 i. 119; Brandt* For. Flora 490; Gamble Ind. Timb. 388; Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. v. 620. 

 Cutanea indica, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 643; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i. 284; Wight Ic. 

 417; Kurz For. Flor. Burm. ii. 478; Wall. Cat. 2761.— #. serrata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 

 641 (not of Willd.),— Q. dubia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 2786. 



