6 THE CAUSES OF FLUCTUATIONS IN TUKGESCENCE 



brownish olive tint. At this time it weighed 5*73 grammes, which, as the fluid of the 

 exudation is practically of the same specific gravity as water, indicated a loss of O'Slc.c. 

 of fluid. It was returned to the chamber, and on the following morning it was quite 

 flaccid and weighed only 5*42 grammes, corresponding to a total loss of l'12c.c. of 

 fluid during the course of the experiment. 



Experiment II. — A leaf weighing 8*72 grammes was set in a chloroform-chamber. 

 Abundant exudation appeared on the surface within five minutes, and, after six minutes' 

 exposure, large pools of fluid had already formed at some points. It was now gently 

 wiped, and when weighed was found to be only 7*62 grammes. Having been thoroughly 

 washed, it was next set in a common moist chamber, with the cut extremity of the petiole 

 immersed in water. Active exudation continued to occur, and four and a half hours after 

 the beginning of the experiment it was quite flaccid, of a dull, yellowish, olive colour 

 and weighed only 6-67 grammes, equivalent to a total loss of 2'0oc.c. of fluid, and to 

 a loss of 0-95 after removal from the chloroform- chamber and subjection to the influence ot 

 a saturated atmosphere and free supply of water. It was returned to the moist chamber, 

 and en the following morning was found to have sustained an additional loss of 34 

 of fluid. 



Experiment III— A leaf weighing 7*46 grammes was placed in a chloroform-chamber 

 for two minutes and then transferred to a simple moist one, with the cut end of the 

 petiole immersed in water. In three minutes from the beginning of the experiment 

 visible exudation was present, and three hours later the surface was everywhere 

 conspicuously moist, and at one point there was a small pool of fluid. On the following 

 morning it had quite recovered and weighed 7*52 grammes. In this case we have an 

 example of the results following mere temporary depression of protoplasmic activity, as 

 in the two previous ones we had examples of those attending its complete abolition. 



Experiment IV.— Two leaves, neither of them being very turgid, were set in a 

 chloroform-chamber. At the end of three hours' exposure they were both quite flaccid 

 and discoloured. The loss in weight in one (a) amounted to 0'8 1 grammes and in the 

 other (b) to 1-02 grammes. They were now set in a common moist chamber, (a) being 

 tally immersed in water, and (b) being set with the cut end of the petiole immersod° 



On the following morning (a) showed a farther loss of 33 grammes and 11) of 36 



grammes, but as (b) was originally heavier than (a) by 1-33 grammes, the relative loss 

 in the latter, ^ although totally submerged in water, was greater than that in (b), which 



only subjected to the influence of a saturated atmosph 



Experiment V. — A leaf, weighing 5*12 gi 



Ioroform-chamber, be 



show visible exudation in the course of six minutes, and at the close of ten minutes had 

 discharged large pools of fluid. It was now removed and carefully dried, and on being 

 weighed showed a loss of 28 grammes. It was next at once submerged in water, and 



addi- 



on the following morning was quite flaccid, of a yellowish colour, and showed 

 tional loss in weight of 0'74 grammes. This conclusively shows that complete subn 

 produces no appreciable effect on the loss of fluid attending the action of anaesthetic' 



for the total loss of weight here amounted to nearly 20 per cent, of 



iginal weight of the leaf, which is much 



the tissues are not submerged 



© 



hieh often occurs where 



