THE CIRRI AND SPADICES. 17 
X.—The Cirri. 
In speaking of the different kinds of spines and of the leaves I have SR 
described the appendage of the leaf-rachis termed the cirrus, and have now very little 
to add. To recapitulate what has already been said; the cirrus is always more or 
less armed with solitary digitate, aggregate or more or less incompletely and dimi: 
diately-whorled claws. Every Calamus possessing cirriferous leaves is scandent with, 
as we have seen, the exception perhaps of C. Ozleyanus. 
When a Calamus has hooked prickles or claws on the leaf-rachis, on the primary 
spathes and the axial parts of the spadix, the plant is nevertheless scandent even if 
there be no cirrus at the end of the leaf, since the clawed leaf-rachis, together with 
the leaf-sheath flagella with which in this case the plant is provided, take the place 
of the cirri and perform the functions of climbing organs. On the other hand, when 
the hooked prickles characteristic of cirri and flagelli are absent from all its organs 
ihe species is most certainly bushy or has an erect stem. : 
To avoid confusion I have employed the term “cirrus” for the prolongation of 
the leaf-rachis, and have restricted the term “flagellum” to the appendage ree 
from a — of the spadix. 
XI.—The Spadices. 
As a general rule the species of Calamus are dioecious, The spadices spring 
always from the leaf-sheath and most commonly from its mouth laterally to 
. the petiole. 
The leaf-sheath in Calamus being almost always considerably elongated and the 
leaves being far apart from each other, the point of insertion of the spadices is 
exposed and visible, and it is only in species with a short erect stem and with 
the leaves grouped at its apex that the spadices at times simulate an axillary 
insertion. C. azillaris and C. adspersus among the climbing species are the only | ones. 
known to me where the spadices seem at first sight axillary. 
As in most Palms the spadices emerge from the axils of leaves or from rings 
of the stem where once a leaf was situated, it ought to be worth while investi- 
gating by what morphological modifications and through what intermediate conditions 
the species of Calamus have arrived at a point of origin for their spadices so 
unlike that of other Palms and so unusual. 
The point of insertion of the spadices, as of the flagella, on the leaf-sheaths 
is frequently marked by a distinct swelling or callosity, and, as we have already 
seen in discussing the leaf-sheaths, a slightly raised ridge, which marks the course 
of the fibro-vascular bundles that pass from the stem into the spadices, often also 
runs downward along the whole length of the sheath. 
The axial part of the spadices of Calams, usually much elongated and very slender, 
is armed towards its slender filiform extremity with claws like those of a flagellum ; ; 
besides therefore fulfilling its main function of bearing flowering branches, it is very 
often made use of as a subsidiary climbing organ. This is just the reverse of 
what obtains among the species of Daemonorops, where the spadices are _— 
deyoid of hooked spines and never are utilized as organs of climbing. ee 
The spadices of Calamus belong to two principal categories. In the ka y 
of the species they are much elongated or flagelliform, like those just referred toi 
Ann. Ror. Bor. Garp. Carcurra Vor. XI. 
