38 INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. 
The Calamus with the native name of “Limoran” is supposed to be a Zalacca 
(vide Nov. Append. p. 274 under the heading of Zalacca edulis), De Mercado (Fir 
Filip. gran edicion, vol. iv, p. 50) considers it to be Daemonorops Calapparius, but on 
what ground it is difficult to say; I have found however the Tagala name of 
‘*Limoran” applied by recent collectors to €. crnatus var. philippinensis. 
In the “Novissima Appendix” at pp. 275 and 356 there are 14 species of 
Calamus and 14 of Daemonorops recorded but happily no new names are proposed for 
them and all are reduced to already known species. Their identification however is 
based in most cases on the inspection of a portion of their dried canes, a most 
extraordinary proceeding, for every botanist who has made a study of Calamus 
knows how difficult it is to name the speties even when in possession of good 
specimens, Owing therefore to the impossibility of recognising the species mentioned 
in the ‘‘ Novissima Appendix” I have avoided quoting them, 
There are now 17 species of Calamus (and 3 of Daémonorops) more or less: 
completely known from the Philippines; all of them are endemic in these islands 
except C. ornüius, a Palm which grows also in Java, Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula 
and Singapore but which is represented in the Philippines by a special form. 
It is fairly certain that many more species of Calamus still remain to be 
discovered in the numerous islands which compose the Philippine archipelago, because 
there’ as elsewhere the species seem to he much localized. Three other species, 
apparently different from those already known but represented by specimens too 
incothplete to admit of description, have been collected by Dr. Warburg in the 
Island of Mindanao. e 
-There is, however, now a hope that in a comparatively short time we may 
have an almost complete knowledge of the Philippine Palms, through the methodical 
botanical survey of the entire Philippine Flora, already begun by the American 
Goverhtient under the saperintendence of Mr. Elmer D. Merril], | p 
"Many of the species of Philippine Calami produce valuable canes, but as yet we do 
not know the purposes for which each is most suited or its corresponding scientific name, 
That the species of Calamus in the Philippines are probably very numerous is 
indicated by the fact that some of the species discovered by early collectors, as 
for example O. Cumingianus, O. manilensis, and ©. discolor have not been found 
again by modern explorers. 
XXIII.—Identification of Loureiro's Cochin-China Calami. 13 
.  Loüreito in his Flora  Coehinehinensis, of which the first edition made its. 
appearance in the year 1790, gives rather detailed descriptions of six species of Calamus, 
One of these, C. Seipionum, is not a native of Cochin-China; this species I have 
most certaiuly recognised in numerous complete flowering and fruiting specimens. 
~ from the Malayan Peninsula and neighbouring countries. : 
The five Cochiü-Chinése species bear the following names := 0, petraeus, 0. rudentum 
€, deris; C. amarus and O. dioiews, No authentic specimens of any of these species He 
known to exist in hefbaria, and their identification is therefore always open to doubt 
beciuse Loureito’s descriptions, though wonderfully good for their time, are far from 
sufficient to ensure accuracy of naming in the case of a species of Calamus. 
4 
