BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS, 63 
Anomalous or infrequent characters occurring in the species of Calamus, 
Stem erect and robust in C. arborescens and erectus; erect and slender like a walking 
cane in C. bacularis, castaneus, ramosissimus, perakensis, Lobbianus and probably in a few 
others; very short and tufted in ©. salicifolius and tonkinensis; subscandent in C. 
acanthospathus and perhaps in C. Ozleyanus; creeping at the base and short in C. 
Grifithienus ; almost wanting in C. pygmeus. 
Leaf-sheaths not tubular, opened on the ventral side and gradually passing into 
the petiole in the non-scandent species. 
Oerea extraordinarily large, bilobed and hispid in ©. erectus; very elongate and 
auriculiform in C, macrochlamys, ralumensis and a few other allied Papuan species. 
Leaflets simply .fureate-flabellate in C. flabellatus; very few and digitate in C. 
digitatus ; very few and radiate in (C. radiatus; rhomboid and with the outer main 
nerves not reaching the apex in C. rhomboideus, spectabilis, Housigonii, Blumei, tomentosus . 
truncate and praemorse at the apex in (C. caryotoides; distinctly chalky white 
beneath in C, arborescens, leucotes, hypoleucus, Lobbianus, discolor; bearing rigid spinules 
on the main nerves in C. spinifolius and salicifolius ; more or !ess densely hairy in 
C. sarawakensis, piloselus, hispidulus, 
Spadix simply branched or bearing simple spikelets at each primary spathe in 
C. simplex ; male and female very similar when in flower in C. melanoloma; short, 
non-cirriferous, unarmed and with broad cymbiform spathes in ©. hypoleucus; with 
only one or very few short compact partial inflorescences in C. Lobbianus, conirosiris, 
brachystachys ; paniculiform and shorter than the leaves in O. macrochlamys and in many 
of the species of Group XV. 
Primary spathes very loosely sheathing and subinflated in C. siphonospathus and 
allied species; greatly lacerate in C. erectus; membranous and cymbiform in C. 
hypoleucus ; elongate, laminar and open flat in C. platyspathus and allied species. 
Spikelets with very closely packed and not distinctly bifarious flowers in (C. 
gonospermus and Lauterbachii, amd in lesser degree in C. Lobbianus, conirostris, brachystachys. 
Male. flowers glomerulate or with diminutive spikelets at each spathel in C. 
fasciculatus. | 
Female flowers geminate at each spathel with a single neuter flower between the 
two in C. siamensis, pachystachys, didymocarpus ; geminate and with a neuter flower at 
each female flower in €. fertilis, 
Neuter flower very conspicuous and almost as large as the fertile ones in C. Ridley- 
anus, tenuis, Delessertianus and apparently also in C. deerratus and Perrottetii. 
Fruit with 3 seeds in C. trispermus, manillensis and occasionally in €. Burckianus ; 
two equally developed seeds sometimes also in C. Huegelianus. 
Seed radiately plicate and subcerebriform in C. ciliaris and allied species ; deeply 
ruminate in C, erectus, Flagellum, Huegelianus, Gamblei, gracilis, melanacanthus, Diepenhorstit, 
zeylanicus, densiflorus, macrosphaerion, Lobbianus, conirostris, brachysiachys and in many 
of the species of Group XV; with smooth not pitted or tubercled surface in C. 
Burckianus, ramosissimus, Kunzeanus, paspalanthus ; very irregular in 0. ornatus; angular 
in C. gonospermus; flattened in C. paspalanthus, with the surface fibrous velvety 
in C. aqualilis ; covered with a green bitter stuff in C, ciliaris and allied species, 
Embryo lateral in C. gracilis, melanacanthus, Kunzeanus, symphysipus, densiflorus, Manar, 
and in C, ciliaris and allied species. a 
