BECCARI MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 71 
4. C. dongnaiensis Pierre.—Very similar to the preceding. Leaves large, the 
petiole and leafrachis armed with large, laminar, almost black, shining eeriate spines. 
Leaflets numerous, equidistant, large, broadly ensiform, green on both surfaces, their 
mid-costa furnished beneath with some stiff spadiceous bristles and spinulose above. 
Male spadiz large elongate. Primary spathes tubular, rather closely sheathing, lacerate 
and fibrous in their upper part, armed like the other parts of the plant only with 
straight black spicules and never with hooked spines or claws; secondary  spathes 
Clavate-subinflated and usually lacerate. Male spikelets very large, with regularly set, 
flatly bifarious flowers. 
Cochin-China. 
5. C. longisetus Griff.—Large and scandent. Leaves up to 3-4 m. long. Leaflets 
inequidistant, often in groups of 2—3, subequidistant towards the summit, green on both 
surfaces, large, ensiform, unicostate, mid-costa remotely spinulose above, furnished beneath 
with some very long blackish bristles. Mule and female spadices simply decompound. 
Primary spathes elongate-tubular rather loosely sheathing, lacerate in their upper part; 
secondary spathes slightly inflated, and also more or less lacerate. Female spikelets very 
large with comparatively very large flatly bifarious flowers. Fruit ellipsoid-ovate, 30-33 
mm. long, transversely mottled like a tiger skin. Seed oblong, 5-7-costate. 
Pegu; Andamans, 
6. C. Thwaitesii Becc.—Robust. Leaves large. Leaflets irregularly fascicled, large, 
broadly ensiform, green on both surfaces, unicostate; mid-costa furnished on both sur- 
faces with black, short, subspiny bristles; secondary nerves naked on both surfaces; 
rachis of the leaves of the upper part of the plant armed beneath with solitary claws. 
Male and female spadices simply decompound, flagelliform, with the axial parts between 
the inflorescences very elongate and strongly clawed; primary spathes very long, 
very narrow, thinly coriaceous, very closely sheathing, withered and lacerated near the 
mouth. Male and female spikelets very elongate. Fruit ellipsoid or obovate-elliptic, — 
suddenly contracted into a conie beak, 22-25 mm. long; scales in 12 series, broadly 
channelled along tle middle. 
Ceylon. 
C. Thwaitesii var. canaranus Becc.— Male spikelets with more numerous and more | 
approximate flowers; the seed more flattened than in the Ceylon plant. 
Canara, 
7. €. rudentum Lour.—Rather large and high scandent. eaves large. Leaflets 
numerous, equidistant, very long, linear-ensiform, shining and green on both surfaces, 
unicostate; the mid-costa spinulose above, with very few, very long spadiceous bristles 
beneath; secondary nerves naked on both surfaces. Spadices with the axial part 
between two inflorescences very elongate and strongly clawed; primary spathes cylindra- 
ceous, very elongate, closely sheathing, often split longitudinally and terminating in 
a lanceolate, sparsely aculeate, not lacerate limb. Male spadiz ultradecompound. 
Male spikelets 7-11 cm. long, inserted just at the mouth of their own spathe, with 
approximate, rather large, flatly bifarious flowers, Female spikelets furnished with a 
short pedicellar part, 20-25 em. long. ^ 
Cochin china. 
