72 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 
8. C. leptospadix Griff.—Slender. Leaf-sheaths densely and irregularly armed with 
straight, subulate spines. eaves, 6-1 m. long. Leaflets numerous, approximate, very 
regularly equidistant, linear-ensiform, 20-30 cm. long, 3-costate. Male and female 
spadices simply decompound and similar, excessively long and slender; partial inflor- 
escences not many, very distant, strict, slender, 20-40 cm. long with 10-20 appressed 
spikelets on each side; primary spathes very narrow, very long, cylindrical, closely 
sheathing. Male spikelets scorpioid, 1-2 em. long, issuing erect from the auri- 
culiform limb of their respective spathes. Fruit globose or globose-ovoid, about 10 
mm. in diam. 
N. E. India. 
9. C. dilaceratus Becc.—Female spadix erect, paniculate; primary spathes short, 
membranous, exsuccous, lacerate, armed with fine black spicules; secondary spathes 
tubular-infundibuliform and—-like the spathels--exsuccous, thin in texture and much 
lacerate; female spikelets with a pedicellar portion 1-1°5 em. long. Fruiting perianth 
divided into six spreading, equal, lanceolate parts. Fruit small, ovate, 12 mm, long. 
Seed subglobose, its surface even (not pitted). 
Nicobar Islands. 
70. C. castaneus Gritt.—Stem erect, 1-15 m. high. Leaves with the petiole 
flattish above and rounded beneath, Leaflets numerous, broadly ensiform, 4-5°5 cm. 
broad, green on both surfaces, slightly paler beneath ; mid-costa bristly spinulose on 
both surfaces; secondary nerves always smooth. Female spadiz short and broad ; 
secondary spathes elongate-infundibuliform with an auriculiform limb, loosely sheathing, 
ultimately decayed but not fibrous in their upper part; spikelets provided with a 
pedicellar part 1:5-2 cm. in length. Fruit rather large, 22-24 mm. long, broadly 
ovoid or obovate, distinctly beaked, of an uniform chestnut-brown colour; seales in 
24-27 longitudinal series. The different parts of the plant armed only with straight, 
never with clawed prickles. 
Malayan Peninsula. 
11. C. Griffithianus Mart.—Stem creeping at first, then ascending erect. Leaves 
with a very long subterete petiole. Leaflets numerous, in alternate groups on each 
side of the rachis, equidistant in each group, elongate-ensiform, 15-35 mm. broad, 
green above, pulverulent or slightly mealy-violaceous underneath when young, later 
green, with bristles on 3 nerves on the lower surface and Uh on dia tied oi ace 
the apex on the upper.  Spadices rather short;  spathes  tubular-auriculiform 
and ultimately decayed but not fibrous in their upper part; spikelets provided with 
a long pedicellar part and inserted at the base of their respective spathes. Fruit sub- 
globose-obovate, very suddenly and conspicuously beaked, of an uniform chestnut- 
brown colour; scales in 18-24 series. The different parts of the plant armed only 
with straight, never with clawed prickles. 
Malayan Peninsula. 
72. C. Burchianus Bece.— Leaves with a long, terete, compressed petiole. — Zeaffeís 
numerous, equidistant, linear-ensiform, distinctly 3-costulate ; secondary spathes tubular- 
infundibuliform, truncate, entire or at most longitudinally split, unarmed, Female 
spikelets elongate, inserted at the base of their own spathes by a slender, 2-3 cm. 
* 
