BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 98 
furnished with a few subspinous paleole on the apex. Male flowers cylindraceous, 
4 mm. long. Female flowers elongate-conic, 4 mm. long. Fruit spheric, 1 cm. in 
diam. with a cylindraceous beak. 
Borneo. 
90. C. perakensis Bece.—Stem short erect.  Leaf-sheaths open on the ventral 
side, passing gradually into the petiole. Leaves 1-13 m. long; petiole rather long, 
armed at the sides with very long, sometimes as much as 6-7 cm., straight 
horizontal spines; rachis minutely prickly beneath. Leaflets numerous, equidistant, 
lanceolate-ensiform, 3-costate. Male and female spadices rigid, straight, not flagelli- 
ferous; primary spathes tubular at the base, bursting upwards and more or less 
expanded into an elongate, lanceolate, acuminate blade. Male flowers cylindraceous 
4'5-5 mm. long. Female flowers perfectly bifarious, ovate-conical, 4 mm. long. Fruit 
with mahogany red scales. 
The Malayan Peninsula. 
91. C. ramosissimus Griff.—Erect or subscandent. Leaj-sheaths gradually passing 
into the petiole. Leaves 2-3 m. long, terminated by a single entire lanceolate 
leaflet; petiole 10-30 cm. long, armed lower down with straight robust spines and 
upwards with stout claws. Leaflets numerous, subequidistant, lanceolate, many- 
costulate, shining, concolorous. Male and female spadices relatively short, not flagelli- 
form, rigid; primary spathes open, flat, broadly linear, overlapping each other, 
Fruit broadly ovoid or globose-ovoid, distinctly beaked, 13-14 mm. long, 8-10 
mm. broad. Scales in 15 series, mahogany red. 
The Malayan Peninsula. 
92. C. paspalanthus  Becc.—Scandent, Sheathed stem 1-2 cm. in diam. Leaf- 
sheaths conspicuously tumescent at the base of the petiole. aves rather large; petiole 
elongate. Leaflets numerous, equidistant, approximate, narrowly linear, with 3 acute 
costee, which are sparsely bristly above and very minutely and closely ciliate 
beneatk. Male spadiz very elongate, flagelliform, with large and diffuse partial 
inflorescences; primary spathes very long, tubular at the base and reduced to long 
strands in their upper part; spikelets numerous, 1°5=2 cm. long, with 10-15 
perfectly and closely  bifarious, sub-horizontal flowers on each side; spathels and 
involucres boldly, striately veined. Female spadiz very different from the male one, 
very long (as much as 3:5 m.); partial inflorescences kept spreading by a very 
large axillary callus; spikelets 10-12 cm. long with 15-20 flowers on each side, 
spathels smooth. Fruit broadly ovate, 18 mm. long. Seed flattened, suborbicular. 
Borneo. 
C. paspalanthus var. peninsularis Becc.—Male spadiz with spathels not or indis- 
tinctly striately veined, Female spadix with spathels irregularly armed with very 
small claws. : 
The Malayan Peninsula. 
98. C. Quruba Ham.—Scandent. Sheathed stem 1-2 cm. in diam. Leaf-sheaths 
gibbous above, usually armed with ascendent, obliquely inserted spines. Leaves usually 
60-80 em. long, sometimes as much as L3 m.; petiole 10-20 cm. long. Leaflets 
