112 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. 
spinulous. Female spadiz strict, about 1 mm. long; partial inflorescences and spikelets 
not callous in their axilla; spikelets inserted inside the mouth of their spathe, 8-10 
em. long, with 8-10 flowers on each side, zig-zag sinuous between the flowers. Fruit- 
ing perianth ventricose. Fruit ellipsoid, 27-29 mm. long, 13-14 mm. broad. Seales 
in 18 series, deeply channelled. Seed ovoid, sinuously grooved. 
North-East India. 
766. C. Manan Mig.—Scandent, very large. LLeaf-sheaths 7-8 cm, in diam., fear- 
fully armed with short triangular spines. Leaves about 5 m. long in the pinniferous 
part; the cirrus very robust and strongly clawed, 3 m. long. Leaflets very large, 
numerous, subequidistant, lanceolate or broadly ensiform, up to 70 cm. long, 5 cm, 
broad, plicate, many-nerved, with the mid-costa only prominent, the side nerves 
slender, smooth and almost concolorous on both surfaces; margins spinulous, Female 
spadiz forming a very large panicle, shorter than the leaves; spikelets large, arched, 
rigid, their axis cylindracecus, up to 25 em. in length, with 15-16 bifarious, 5-6 mm. 
long, remote flowers on each side. Fruiting perianth cylindraceous, Fruit broadly 
ovoid-elliptical, 3-3:5 cm. long, 20-22 mm. broad. Scales in 15-18 series, superficially 
channelled, Seed ovoid, minutely tubercled and pitted; albumen ruminate; embryo 
lateral. 
Sumatra. 
767. C. giganteus Becc,—Scandent and very robust. Leaf-sheaths 4-7 cm. in diam., 
powerfully armed with large laminar spines. Leaves 25-3 m. long; petiole prickly. . 
Leaflets numerous, apparently subequidistant, 6-8 cm. apart, green above, sub-glau- 
cescent beneath, plicate-5-costate, broadly ensiform, 55-60 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, 
the coste and margins quite smooth. Male spadiz ultradecompound; spikelets small, 
19-20 mm. long with 5-10 very approximate flatly bifarious flowers on each side. 
Female spadiz very large and diffuse; spikelets robust, rigid, somewhat flattened, arched 
and deflexed, 10-16 cm. long with 14-18 flowers on each side. Fruiting perianth 
cylindraceous, siightly inflate at the base. Fruit ovoid elliptical, 28 mm. long. Scales 
in 15 series, rather deeply channelled. 
The Malayan Peninsula, 
168. C. platyacanthus Warb.—Robust, scandent. Leaf-sheaths apparently 4-5 cm. 
in diam., armed with enormous laminar spines, of which some are as much as 8-9 
em. long and 10-15 mm. broad. Leaves very large; petiole flat and prickly above. 
Leaflets large, coneave-convex, oblong or oblanceolate, 43 cm. long, 8-9 cm, broad (in 
one specimen) with 5 costæ and 2-3 secondary nerves between each of them; the 
cost» acute, smooth or sparingly spinulous above, slender and smooth beneath. 
Female spadiz about 60 cm. long, with a few diffuse partial inflorescences ; spikelets 
spreading or deflexed, the lower ones 8 cm. long with 9-10 flowers on each side, 
the upper ones shorter, strongly zig-zag sinuous between each flower. Fruiting perianth 
cylindraceous. Fruit ovoid-elliptical, suddenly beaked, 22 mm. long, 13-14 mm. 
broad, Scales in 18 series, deeply channelled. Seed ovoid-oblong, boldly tubercled 
and strongly pitted, with a narrow and deep chalazal fovea; albumen slightly 
ruminate; embryo basal. 
Tonkin. 
