€. Flagellum.) BECCARI MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 127 
Pirate 3.—Calamus erectus Rozb. var, birmanicus Bece, Portion of a leaf and 
upper part of a spadix in fruit. From Sig. Fea’s specimen. 
2. OCaríAMUS FLAGELLUM Griff. in Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii, 233, pl. 176, f. 
ix; Griff. Palms Brit. Ind. p. 48; Walp. Ann. iii 484 and v, 
830; T. And, in Journ, Linn. Soc. xi (1869), 8; Gamble Man. Ind. 
Timb. 493; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 439; Becc.. in Rec. Bot. Surv. 
Ind. ii, 197. 
C. Jenkinsianus Griff. Palms Brit, Ind. 40, pl. clxxxvi A. fig. iii (not p. 89). 
C. polygamus Koxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 780? 
Description,—Scandent, robust and large. Sheathed stem 4-5 cm. in diam.; naked 
canes 2°5-3 cm. in diam. Leaf-sheaths gibbous above, flagelliferous, densely armed 
with scattered or sometimes confluent, spreading or somewhat deflexed, laminar, extremely 
acuminate spines, which are usually 3-4 cm. long (those near the mouth even 
6-7 cm.) and intermingled with innumerable others of all sizes also scattered. Ocrea 
membranous, dry, exsuccous, exterding at the sides of the petiole into two small 
unarmed rounded auricles ultimately marcescent and deciduous, Leaf-sheath flagella very 
long (sometimes 7 m.) closely armed with half-three-fourths whorls of dark-tipped 
claws. Leaves very large not cirriferous, petiole very stout, 2-3 cm. thick, 30-45 cm. 
long, broadly channelled above, rounded beneath, where irregularly armed, mainly at 
the sides and more sparingly along the middle, with variable straight spines; rachis 
in its first portion flattish or slightly concave above with the side angles acute and 
spinulous and with broad side-faces where are inserted the leaflets; upwards acutely 
angular and with two side faces above and armed beneath up to the summit with a 
central series of solitary claws; leaflets numerous, equidistant or very nearly so (4-7 
em. apart), alternate or sub-opposite, rather firm, green, almost shining on both 
surfaces, slightly paler beneath, broadly ensiform, alternate and deeply plicate at the 
base, gradually acuminate at the apex; the mid-costa stout, furnished on both surfaces, 
but mainly above, with few subspiny bristles; secondary nerves sometimes rather 
strong, naked on both faces; transverse veinlets approximate and distinct; margins 
ciliate with short spiny bristles which are rather remote lower down and approximate 
at the summit; the largest leaflets 60-70 em. long and 35-4 cm. broad; the upper 
ones shorter; the two of the terminal pair the smallest and confluent at the base. 
Male spadiz excessively long 4-5 m, and more), flagelliform, simply decompound or 
slightly and partially supradecompound, prolonged at the apex into a long, strongly 
clawed flagellum and armed on the back on the very long unsheathed portions between 
two partial inflorescences with  half-whorls of very stout claws; primary spathes 
tubular, very closely sheathing, very long, coriaceous, longitudinally split, lacerated 
and fibrous at the summit; the lowest somewhat compressed and acutely two-edged, 
more or less armed with claws on the back and with straight auricles at the edges; 
upper primary spathes cylindraceous, strongly clawed on the back; partial inflorescences 
very few, very remote (even 1 m. apart), nodding, with 3-4 spikelets on each side; 
secondary spathes unarmed, tubular, narrowly infundibuliform, obliquely truncate at 
the mouth and extended at one side iuto a triangular, speedily withered and lacerated 
tip; spikelets 10-25 em. long, flexuose, slightly compressed, bearing 18-30 distichous and 
rather remote flowers on each side; spathels fugaciously scaly furfuraceous, broadly 
