C. arborescens ) BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 131 
3. CALAMUS ARBORESCENS Griff. in Cale. Journ. v, 33, and Palms Brit. Ind. 
42, t. clxxxvii A. B. C.; Mart. Hist. Nat, Palm. iii, 332; Walp. 
Ann, iii, 483, and v, 829; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat, iii, 113; Teysm. Cat. 
Hort. Bot. Bog. 71; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliii, pt. 2, 
208, t. xxii, and For. Fl. Brit. Burma ii, 516, and Rep. Veg. Pegu 
(1875), 90; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. 423; Hook. f. Fl. Brit, Ind. vi, 
: - 489, Becc. in Rec. Bot. Surv. of Ind. ii, 198. | 
C. hostilis Hort. Cale. 
DrscRIPTION.— Not scandent,  czspitese. Stem erect, 4-6 m. high, 6:5 cm. 
in diam. (Griffith); with annular green internodes about 18 cm. long (Griffith). 
Leaf-sheaths short, not tubular, open on the ventral side, not flagelliferous. Leaves 
very large (as long as 5 m.) not cirriferous, forming a crown at the apex 
of the trunk; petiole very long ('6-1'5 m.) and very stout, deeply channelled 
above, rounded beneath and powerfully armed with very large, thinly laminar, elastic, 
black, polished and very acuminate spines, of which the largest are 7-8 cm. 
long and 6-8 mm. in width at the undilated base, intermingled with smaller ones, 
which are disposed in oblique and often nearly complete series ; rachis covered when 
young with whitish scurf, then glabrous, armed beneath with laminar, confluent, long 
straight, deflexed spines, which are in every respect similar to those of the petiole 
and are verticillate and  pectinate in the lower portion, becoming upwards ternate or 
binate and at last solitary towards the apex but always straight and very long; 
above, the rachis is trigonous with two-side faces above from the middle upwards and 
smooth; leaflets numerous, equidistant, alternate or subopposite, rather distant, very nar- 
rowly lanceolate or broadly ensiform, very long (up to 1 m.) and 3-5°5 em. in width, 
narrowed and deeply plicate at the base, gradually acuminate into an acute apex 
which is bristly-spinulous at the sides, conspicuously two-coloured, green and shining 
on the upper surface, and white and dull beneath, with the mid-rib stout and 
bristly mainly towards the apex on both faces; lateral nerves rather slender, one 
on each side of the mid-rib sometimes sparingly spinulous beneath; transverse 
veinlets sharp and crowded above, indistinct beneath; margins very bristly and 
pungent. Male spadiz very long (1'5 m., Griffith), pendulous, not flagelliferous at 
its apex, supradecompound, with many approximate partial inflorescences; primary 
spathes not very long (20-30 em.) tubular, rather closely sheathing, thinly 
coriaceous, lacsrated and fibrous in their upper part; armed with very slender, black» 
needle-like, scattered or subseriate spines; the lowest spathe somewhat compressed, 
the upper cylindraceous, slightly enlarged above; partial inflorescences very long 
(60-90 cm.), the lower decompound, the upper simple, with rather numerous spikelets 
on each side; secondary spathes tubular at the base with a clavate or subinflated split 
and lacerated limb, which is often blackened, withered and usually armed with scattered, 
spreading, subulate, black spines; spikelets not pedicellate, inserted near the mouth of 
their respective spathes, large, 10-15 cm. long, flattened, with 20-30 perfectly 
bifarious and regularly pectinate flowers; spathels very closely imbricated, short, broadly 
infundibuliform, horizontally truncate and produced at one side into a very short 
triangular point, which is usually split; involucre hidden in its own spathe and inserted 
at the base of the one above, dimidiately cupular or like a swallow’s nest, obliquely 
Any. Roy. Bor. Garp. CarcurrA Vor. Xl. - 
