C. longisetus | BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 135 
middle and anterior portion subtrigonous, bifaced and not very acute above, rounded 
and armed along the middle below with solitary, strong, short, black, deflexed spines; 
leaflets inequidistant or approximate in not distant groups of 2-3 in the lower portion 
of the rachis, subequidistant towards the summit, green and shining on both surfaces, 
faintly paler beneath, ensiform, subulately acuminate; mid-costa acute and remotely 
spinulous towards the apex above, furnished below with some very long (sometimes 
even 3 cm.) blackish bristles; secondary nerves not strong but distinct, of these one 
on each side of the mid-costa occasionally bristly above, all naked beneath; margins 
ciliate, mainly near the apex, with short, black, somewhat approximate, spiny bristles; 
transverse veinlets fine, very distinct and much interrupted; the largest leaflets 60-65. 
cm. long, 3-4 em. broad, the two of the apical pair shorter than the others and con- 
fluent at the base. Male spadix very long, flagelliferous, simply decompound, with few, 
elongate, (40-60 cm. long), partial inflorescences ending in a short, flattened, unarmed, 
caudiform appendix and bearing 5-6 distichous, remote, erect spikelets on each side; the 
elongated part of the axis between two inflorescences and the apical, very long and 
stout flagellum are armed with rather approximate half-whorls of black-tipped claws 
with swollen and confluent bases; primary spathes elongate-tubular, rather loosely 
sheathing, with lacerated decayed limb, armed with short strong claws, often confluent, 
mainly near the base; secondary spathes unarmed, shortly tubular at the base, and 
with a somewhat inflated lanceolate limb, at first truncate acuminate at one side, but 
later decayed and lacerated in the upper portion, the basal’ still living portion being 
sharply defined from the dead one by a distinct dark transverse line; spikelets inserted 
inside their own spathe but not pedicellate, very large, flattened, 10-12 cm. long, and 
2 cm. broad, when covered with fully developed flowers, which number 20-22 on each 
side and are very regularly distichously and closely set; spathels fugaciously fur- 
furaceous, closely packed, short, asymmetrically and broadly infundibulitorm, truncate, 
apiculate at one side ard split under the flower; involucre nearly entirely enclosed 
in its own spathel, and laterally attached to the base of the one above, dimidiately 
cupular or like a swallow's nest, obliquely truncate and entire on the front side, deeply 
emarginate and two-toothed  posticously next to the axis. Male flowers amongst the 
largest in the genus, 8-11 mm. long, 3-4 mm. thick, oblong, obtusely trigonous, some- 
times slightly curved, somewhat attenuated at the apex; calyx thinly pergamentaceous, 
finely striately nerved, with 3 short, broad, triangular, very acute or apiculate lobes; 
corolla more than twice or nearly three times as long as the calyx, shortly tubular 
at the base, with oblong or elliptic segments; filaments of the stamens stout, not much 
shorter than the segments, inflected at the apex, united at the base with the undivided 
part of the corolla; anthers large, broadly linear, acute, the cells shortly discrete and 
obtuse at the base, rudimentary ovary small, formed by three very minute subulate 
bodies. Female spadiz simply decompound; primary and secondary spathes as in the 
male spadix; spikelets flexuose, 10-16 cm. long, ‘thicker and larger than the male 
ones; spathels ultimately lacerated and decayed at the apex; involuerophorum unilat- 
erally infundibuliform, not exceeding its own spathes and attached to the base of 
the one above, deeply emarginate, two-toothed and acutely two-keeled posticously next 
to the axis; involucre cupular, nearly entirely exserted from the involucrophorum, 
truncate, emarginate and toothed on the side of the neuter flower, of which the 
areola is rather deep, lunate, but often somewhat vertieally evolute, and sharply 
defined, Female flowers large, about 1 em. long. Fruiting perianth explanate under the 
