138 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. [C. Thwaitesii 
involucrophorum short, cupular, truncate, exserted from its own spathel and attached 
at the base of the one above, acutely two-keeled on the side next to the axis; 
involucre regularly cupular, rather deep, scarcely longer than the involucrophorum, 
truncate, entire or faintly emarginate on the side of the neuter flower, of which the 
areola is distinctly lunate, rather concave and sharply bordered. Female flowers ovate 
and 7-8 mm, long; the calyx with 3 ovate acute teeth; the corolla divided almost 
to the base into three lanceolate acute segments slightly longer than the calyx; the 
stamens with filaments united by their bases and forming a [short ring, triangular 
and subulate in the free portion. Fruiting jperianth not pedicelliform; its calyx 
somewhat hardened and callous at the base, but almost entirely split into three 
pieces, Fruit ellipsoid-obovoid, subturbinate and slightly tapering towards the base, 
suddenly contracted at the apex into a stout and rather long conical beak, 22-25 
mm, long, 12-15 mm. in diameter; scales in 12 longitudinal series, the largest 7 
mm. long and not quite so much in breadth, convex, broadly channelled along the 
middle, yellowish-brown or yellowish-reddish with a dark marginal line and very 
finely erosely ciliated, not fringed, margins, Seed (when freed from the dry, certainly 
once fleshy, coat) ovoid, very slightly compressed, 15 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, 7 
mm. thick, with obtuse apex and flat base, uneven or indistinetly pitted on the back 
convex on the raphal side and with a very deep narrow cireular chalazal fovea above 
the centre; albumen equable ; embryo perfectly basal. 
Hasrrar.— Ceylon: in the Hantani district of the Central Provinces at an eleva. 
tion of 2,000 to 3,000 feet (Thwaites C. P. No, 287 3). 
OssERvATIONS.— This is quite distinct from C. longisetus by the different shape of 
the fruit scales. It seems more nearly related to ©. arborescens than to C. longisetus 
but this is an erect species with leaflets white beneath, and with the axial portions 
of the spadix not clawed. From C., erectus and allied species it is separated by its 
seed with equable albumen. 
The spadix of the Ceylon plant (No, 2873 in the St. Petersburg Herbarium) . 
is accompanied with a portion of a leaf which seems a radical one (or that of a 
young plant) with the upper part of the petiole; this is terete and is armed, as in 
the first portion of the rachis beneath, with three-fourths whorls of numerous slender 
long straight spines; the petiole and rachis are covered with removable grey scurf. 
Prate 10.—Calamus Thwaitesii Bece. Lower portion of a male partial inflor- 
escence, with flowers not fully developed and lower portion of a (radical ?) leaf, 
from C. P. No. 2873 in St. Petersburg Herbarium. 
Pirate 11.—Calamus Thwaitesii Bece, A partial inflorescence with not quite ripe 
fruit and a portion of a leaf from near its base (seen from the upper surface), from 
C, P. No. 2873 in Herb. de Cand. a spikelet with full-grown fruit ; detached 
fruits; one seed entire and another in longitudinal section from C. P, No. 2873 in 
St. Petersburg Herbarium. | 
CaLaMUs T'uwarresu Becc. var. CANARANUS Becc, 
Description.—Leaves as in type, but slightly paler beneath than above; in the 
small portion seen by me the leaf-rachis is armed beneath with small Straight ternate 
