C. rudentum | BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 139 
deflexed black spines. Male spadiz elongate flagelliform; its lower partial inflor- 
escences elongate (in one specimen 70 cm, long with 11-12 spikelets on each side) 
and terminating in a small, unarmed, inconspicuous, tail-like appendix; secondary spathes 
tubular, narrow and closely sheathing at the base, somewhat enlarged above where 
usually split on the ventral side, and embracing with their expanded, exsuccous, 
triangular apices the base of their respective spikelets ; spikelets large, the lower ones 
10-12 cm, long, 1 cm. broad, with very numerous and very approximate flatly 
bifarious flowers (as many as 40 on each side); upper primary inflorescences with 
fewer and sometimes much shorter spikelets, and these often with a scorpioid tendency ; 
spathels very shortly and broadly asymmetrically infundibuliform. Male flowers (full. 
grown) narrowly oblong, 8-10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, obsoletely trigonous, conically 
narrowed to the summit and sometimes slightly curved; the calyx tubular-campanulate 
shortly and broadly 3-toothed; the corolla (during anthesis) almost three times as long 
as the calyx. Female spadiz as in the Ceylon plant; spathes tubular-infundibuliform, 
truncate and entire at the mouth, very slightly prolonged at one side into a broadly 
triangular point. Fruit more or less obovoid, turbinate, very suddenly beaked, 20-25 
mm. long (including the beak and the perianth), 15 mm. thick. Seed suborbicular, 
19 mm. long, 11 mm. broad, somewhat flattened or lenticular, 6 mm. thick with a 
rather acute margin all round. 
Hapirat.—Southern India; Canara district, at Marmagoa, near seashore, (Talbot 
No. 28544); Ainshi Ghat, (Talbot No. 2855), and Keldra, (Talbot No. 2856, in 
Herb, Kew). 
OxsERVATIONS.—The male spadix of this variety at first sight looks very different 
from that of the Ceylon plant, on account of its spikelets which are shorter and at 
the same time with more numerous and more approximate flowers. The fruit how- 
ever is externally exactly similar to that of the Ceylon plant, as already stated by 
Sir J. Hooker (Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 441), but the seed is more flattened, almost lenticular 
and with a rather sharp edge all round. The portions of leaves which accompany 
Talbot’s specimens of the spadix have grouped leaflets and the rachis armed beneath 
not with claws but with small, slender, ternate, deflexed, straight, black spines, probably 
because the said portions belong to radical leaves or to those of the lower part of 
the plant. The specimen of a male spadix with curved male flowers, 4 inch long, that 
Sir J. Hooker mentions under C. pseudo-tenuis (l. C., 445), and that I have seen, 
belongs to the var. canaranus of C. Thwaitesii. 
PLATE 12.—Calamus Thwaitesii Becc. var. canaranus Bece. Partial male inflor- 
escence and portion of a leaf (under surface) from Marmagoa (Talbot No. 2854 in 
Herb. Kew); spikelet with mature fruit and seed in lonigtudinal section through the 
embryo, from Ainshi Ghat, N. Kanara, (Talbot No. 2855 in Herb. Kew). 
7. CALAMUS RUDENTUM Lour. Fl. Cochinchin. Ist edit. i, 209, and 2nd edit., 
260 (excl. Rumph. syn.); Willd. Spec. ii, 203; Lam. Encycl vii, 304; 
Rees Cycl, No. 2; Roem, & Schult. Syst. vii, 1327 ; Martius Hist. Nat. 
Palm, iii, 1st edit, 211 (excl. all syn.) and 340; Walp. Ann. ii, 49, 
and v, 831; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 139; H. Wendl. in Kerch. Palm. 
237 Becc. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. ii, 199. 
Ayn. Roy. Bor. Garp. Carcurra Vor. XI, 
