149 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. [C. leptospadix 
in a female spadix, bear male flowers only and are apparently fertile, but are more 
slender than those of the male spadix. 
The Calamus named by 'Thwaites C. rudentum (Enum, Pl. Zeyl. 330) I have 
considered to be a new species (C. zeylanicus Becc.) C. rudentum of Roxb. (Fl. 
Ind. iii, 76) I have reduced to @. albus Pers. as to the Ceylon plant. C. rudentum, 
of Mart, (Hist. Nat. Palm, iii, 340) is C. rivalis Thw. 
PLATE 13.—Calamus rudentum Zour. The terminal part of a male spadix; 
portion of a female partial inflorescence with ovaries in course of development; 
summit of a leaf seen from the lower surface ; another portion of a leaf seen from 
above; very young fruits from  Pierre's specimens in Herb. Bece, 
8. CALAMUS LEPTOSPADIX Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v, 49, and Palms, 
Brit. Ind. 60, t. exciy A. B. C.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii, 339, 
t. 175, f. ii and t. Z. xviii, f. xiii; Walp. Ann, iii, 485, and v, 830; 
T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi, 8; Gamble Man. Ind. Tim, 423; 
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 441; Beco: in Rec. Bot, Surv, Ind., 
ii, 199. 
DerscRIPTION.—Scandent, long and slender. . Sheathed stem 12-15 or at most 20 mm. 
in diam.; naked canes 8-10 mm. thick, with internodes 18-30 cm. long, slightly 
thickened at the joints, smooth. and rather polished on the surface when freed from 
the scurf with which they are covered when with the sheaths on,  .Leaf-sheaíhs 
flagelliferous, ferrugineously scurfy, puckered above, armed with very variable, very 
short or 15-25 mm. long, straight, flat, narrow, subulate, horizontal or slightly 
deflexed, solitary or aggregate and even subwhorled spines. Ocrea very distinct, sub- 
coriaceous, persistent, about 15 mm, in length, prickly-hispid especially on the 
margin,  .Leaf-sheath flagella slender, filiform, very long, flattened and smooth in 
the lower portion, in the upper part armed with weak scattered claws. Leaves rather 
delicate, from 60 cm. to 1 m. in length, more or less covered when young with a 
cottony-ferrugineous deciduous scurf on the petiole and mainly on the rachis; petiole 
short (in full-grown plants), rounded beneath where armed with few deflexed spines, 
channelled above near the base, then flat, armed on the margins with some rare 
straight spines, otherwise nearly smooth; in young plants the petiole is longer, spar- 
ingly armed with straight, horizontal, (2-3 em. long ) spines; rachis with a very 
acute and raised angle and two flat side-faces above, rounded below in its lower 
portion, flattish upwards and armed throughout along the middle with long, straight 
deflexed, always solitary spines which gradually pass into claws towards the apex; this 
however, occasionally smooth ; leaflets numerous, rather closely set and very regularly 
equidistant, alternate or subopposite, broadly linear or linear-ensiform, slightly attenuated 
at the base, gradually acuminate into a bristly subulate apex, almost the same colour on 
both surfaces, distinctly 3-costate above; the mid-costa stronger than the side ones, all 
three equally furnished with closely set bristles; margins densely ciliate with m 
adpressed hairs, whieh are closer and longer towards the apex; the largest leaflets 
those not very far from the base and in the largest specimens 20-30 cm. long by 
10-14 mm. ; the upper gradually shorter and very often opposite, less acuminate at the 
apex, but more bristly there than the others; the terminal pair free from the base and 
very small Male spadiz simply decompound, very long, excessively slender and 
