€. Grifithianus] BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 147 
Oxservations.—My description of this species is founded on the fruiting specimen 
No. 5880 of the Calcutta Herbarium, not taking into account all the others, not being 
sure that some mixture had not occurred among the different parts of this species 
with those of C. Grifithianus. The fruit of C. castaneus figured by Griffith, which I 
have seen on a portion of the authentie specimen preserved at Kew, is more globose 
than that I have described, but the shape of the fruit in this species, as in C. 
Grifilhianus, seems very variable in the different stages of its development. 
Griffith has described and figured the male spadix of C. castaneus ; but as this 
author had not distinguished this species from the closely allied C. Grifithianus, it is 
not exactly known to which of the two species such description and figures belong; 
but probably the male spadix differs very little in the two species. The leaflets of 
the said specimen No. 5880 belong to a full-grown leaf and do not show any 
trace of the peculiar thin purpurascent coating on the lower surface, which may be 
seen in the young leaves of C. Griffithianus. The leaflets of OC. castaneus are broader 
than those of C. Grifithianus, bristly only on the mid-costa, and probably equidistant ; 
but the fragments of leaves seen are too short to be sure of this characteristic, Sir 
George King's collector in the label to the specimens of C. Grifithianus and C. castaneus 
had also pointed out the main differences between the two species. Indeed C. 
Grifithianus has a stem creeping at first and then ascendent and has terete petioles; - 
on the contrary C. castaneus has a short erect stem and petioles channelled at the 
base and flat upwards above and rounded beneath. 
Pirate 16,—Calamus castaneus Grif. Upper portion of a leaf-sheath with the 
base of the petiole; portion of a leaf from about its intermediate part; portion of 
the female spadix with unripe fruit: all these figures from a specimen bearing the 
No. 5880 in Herb. Calc. The portions of male spadix (on the right hand side) and 
of the female one (on the left), the ripe fruit, the seed entire and the one in section 
in the upper part of the plate are from Scortechini’s specimens which I doubtfully 
refer to C. castuneus, these parts not being accompanied by the leaves and it being 
very difficult to distinguish C. castaneus from (C. Griffithianus by the reproductive 
organs only. 
1l. Carawus GmrrrrrHIANUS Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii, t, 332, Zxviii f. xxvii, 
and Zxxi, f. xiv; Walp. Ann., iii, 482 and v, 829; Miq. Fl Ind, 
Bat. iii, 112; Hook. f, Fl. Brit. Ind, vi, 440; oie in Rec. Bot, 
Surv. Ind. ii, 198. 
C. castaneus (partly) Griff. in Cale, Journ. Nat. Hist. iv, 29, and Palms 
Brit. Ind. 38; Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot., iii, pt. ix, 392, 
DrscRIPTION.— Stem creeping, rooting at the joints and then ascending erect, about 
3 cm. in diam. Leajf-sheaths not flagelliferous, armed with straight, long, unequal, 
laminar, subulate spines, which are scattered or more or less aggregate and remotely 
obliquely seriate. Leaves large, 2-3 m. long, not cirriferous; petiole from 60 cm. to 
1 m. in length, subterete (at least in its upper portion), 12-13 mm. in diam., armed 
with laminar, elastic, horizontal spines of various sizes, 2-5 cm. long and sometimes 
considerably longer, very irregularly scattered or, as on the leaf-sheaths, aggregate and 
more or less seriate; rachis from the middle upwards trigonous, bifaced above and 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. CarcurrA Von XL 
