150 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. [C. Burckianus 
(Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Botany iii, pt. 9, 392) may possibly be reduced to 
€. Grifithianus. C. Grifithianus seems a much commoner species than C, castaneus. 
The natural affinities of C. castaneus and C, Griffthianus are probably with C. 
ovoideus and C. andamanicus, which, however, have cirriferous leaves. 
PLATE 17.—Calamus Griffithianus Mart. Basal portion of a leaf with the upper 
part of the petiole; three leaflets from near the apex showing the upper surface; 
an entire fruiting spadix; flowers, fruits and seed (one in longitudinal section) 
from the spadix quoted; all figures from the No. 3040 in the Calcutta Herbarium, 
12. Carawus Burcxianus Becc. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. ii, 198. | 
Description.—Probably bushy (not scandent). Stem and  /eaf-sheaths not seen. 
Leaves (including a portion of the unarmed terete-subcompressed petiole measuring 
25 cm.) a metre in length; rachis glabrous, trigonous, convex below where smooth 
(or sometimes armed with small rudimentary claws?), the margins and the superior 
angle acute; leaflets thinly papyraceous, numerous, alternate, regularly equidistant 
(10-12 mm, apart), linear-ensiform, somewhat attenuate towards the base, subulately 
acuminate at the apex, green on both surfaces when dry, the lower surface slightly 
paler; upper surface distinctly 3-costate, the mid-costa acute, prominent and bearing 
on its apical half some dark bristles, the side costs bristly along their whole length; 
lower surface with nerves indistinct and only the mid-costa sparingly bristly, or 
sometimes smooth or one nerve on each side bristly; the margins with a few 
distant adpressed spinules, more numerous towards the apex, the lower somewhat 
thickened by an intramarginal nerve; transverse veinlets rather distant and 
indistinct, sinuous and much interrupted; the largest leaflets, the lowest, 28-30 em. 
ong and 12-13 mm. broad, the others gradually decreasing in size upwards, the 
two apical (the smallest) 12 cm. by 6-7 mm,, slightly connate at the base. Male 
spadiz . . . + + Female spadiz not seen entire; the few partial inflorescences 
seen 50 cm. long, ending in a caudate, rigid, unarmed appendix, a few cm. long, 
bearing on each side few (4-7), alternate, distichous, erecto-patent spikelets ; primary 
spathes not seen; secondary  spathes tubular-infundibuliform, unarmed, closely 
sheathing, 3-4 cm. long, the mouth obliquely truncate and naked, but at one side 
prolonged into a triangular, acute, erect point ; spikelets attached to the bottom 
of their own spathe by a slender 2-3 em. long pedicellar part, vermicular, rather 
thick and rigid, flexuose, 12-15 cm. long, with 10-15 distichous, rather distant 
(1 cm. apart) flowers on each side; spathels shortly tubular-infundibuliform, usually 
split in the fruiting stage, the mouth horizontally truncate and naked, apiculate on 
one side; involucrophorum distinctly pedicellate, arising from the bottom of its own 
spathel, obliquely truncate, sharply two-keeled next to the axis, where not adnate ; 
involucre cupular, slightly longer than the involucrophorum, truncate and obscurel 
3-toothed ; areola of neuter flower lunate Fruiting poriondh expl i à 
. ! planate (not pedicelli- 
form); calyx not callous at the base, split almost to the base into 3 ovate, acute 
segments ; corolla with three segments almost as long as those of the calyx, but 
narrower and more acute. Fruit, when not quite ripe, globose and 9-10 mm. in 
diam., suddenly apiculate, its scales in 24 longitudinal series, brownish, rather dull, 
slightly channelled along the middle, small (1-5 mm. broad), their apices obtuse ; 
