C. Schweinfurthii] BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 163 
obliquely cut like the mouth of a beaked flute, membranous, dry, bristly spinulous 
along the middle of the ventral face. Leaves not cirriferous, those of the upper part 
of the adult plant 1°2 m. in length including the petiole; this 25-30 em. long and 
6-7 mm. broad, finely longitudinally striate, flat and smooth above, the margins. 
acute and feebly armed near their base with slender, straight, needle-like, black-tipped 
spines and upwards with a few small claws, rounded beneath ; rachis remotely clawed 
beneath along the middle as is the petiole—the claws extending, solitary and rather 
small, to its apex; smooth, acute and bifaced above; leaflets rather numerous, about 
20 on each side, inequidistant, usually 15-20 cm. apart, but sometimes interrupted by 
2-3 longer vacant spaces, linear-ensiform, somewhat narrowing to the base, gradually 
attenuate towards the apex into a subulately acuminate spinulous-ciliolate point, thinly 
chartaceous, almost shining, about the same colour on both surfaces, but slightly 
paler beneath; the mid-costa acute, sparingly’ bristly-spinulous near its apex above, 
Jess prominent but more spinulous beneath; the side nerves all slender, one on each 
side of the mid-costa furnished on the upper surface with a few, rigid, dark, bristly 
spinules; on the under surface 2 and sometimes + secondary nerves more or less. 
sprinkled (as is the mid-costa) with spinules shorter than those of the upper surface ; 
transverse veinlets very distinct, much interrupted; margins minutely and closely 
spinulous ; the bristles as well as the spinules on the nerves and on the margins ` 
have all a dark-brown point and a light bulbous base; the largest leaflets, those 
near the base, 30-38 cm. long, 15-20 mm. broad; the uppermost shorter, less 
acuminate, the two of the terminal pair quite free at the base; the leaves of young 
shoots in not fully-grown plants are shorter, have the sheaths covered with a thin 
rusty-furfuraceous indumentum, the liguliform ocrea shorter and smooth, the petiole 
even 50 cm. long, subterete and armed with longer straight spines, the leaflets 
shotrer and relatively broader, subequidistant and less spinulous on the nerves. Male 
. padit- . . . Female spadix (not seen entire); partial inflorescences with many 
approximate  distichous spikelets; the largest I have seen 35 cm. long with 13 
spikelets. on each side, terminating in a short, rather thick, unarmed, sheathed, 
tail-like appendix; other inflorescences, which probably are from the upper part of the 
spadix, are much shorter and with fewer spikelets; secondary spathes rather short, 
infundibuliform, unarmed, thinly coriaceous, polished, truncate at the mouth, usually 
longitudinally split, prolonged at one side into a broadly triangular, acute point ; 
spikelets thick, rigid, strongly arched and deflexed, attached inside the mouth of their 
respective spathes; the lower ones the largest, about 7 cm. long, with 14-15 flowers 
‘on each side, the uppermost slightly shorter; spathels approximate, broadly 
infundibuliform, thinly coriaceous, not distinctly veined and almost polished, horizontally 
truncate and entire at the mouth, shortly extended at one side into a triangular 
point; involucrophorum almost entirely immersed in its own spathel and attached to 
the base of the one above, cupular, bi-dentate and acutely two-keeled on the side 
next to the axis; involucre irregularly cupular, unilaterally evolute, sub-auriculiform, 
polished and smooth internally, rather thick and subcoriaceous in texture; areola 
of the neuter flower large, ovate concave, with sharp raised borders. Female flowers 
about 5 mm. long, the corolla very slightly longer than the calyx. Fruiting perianih 
not pedicelliform, split into 6 almost equal, ovate-lanceolate, acute parts. Fruit ovoid, 
rounded at the base, conically narrowed at the apex or slightly. contracted into a 
Ann, Ror. Bor. Garp. CarcurrA Vor. XI. 
