C. pachystemonus] ^ BECCARL MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 165 
spathels; the fruit scales broad, in 15-18 longitudinal series, with narrow erosely 
toothed margin. | 
Pirate 26.—Calamus Schweinfurthii Bece. Basal portion of leaf from a young 
plant (Sehweinfurth No. 3703) on the right hand side; basal portion and apex of a 
leaf from an adult plant (Schweinfurth No. 2860); partial inflorescence ‘with mature 
fruit from a specimen collected by Emin Pasha ( Herb. Schweinf.); seed from the 
dorsal side; seed longitudinally cut through the embryo. 
21. CALAMUS PACHYSTEMONUS Thw. Enum. Pl, Zeyl. Addenda, p. 431; Hook. f. 
Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 442; Becc. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. ii, 201. 
€. gracilis (not of Roxb.), Thw. l.c., 330. 
DzscRiPTION,—-Seandent, very slender. Sheathed stem about 7 mm. in diam, 
Leaf-sheaths slightly gibbous above, sparingly armed with straight, solitary, scattered, 
unequal, very short and conical spines, which are occasionally 5-8 mm. long, 
horizontal and subulate. Ocrea in full-grown leaves very short, horizontally truncate, 
unarmed, Leaves short, 30-40 cm. long, not cirriferous, pauci-jugate; petiole very 
short, 3-4 cm. long, sub-terete, obsoletely channelled above, more or less armeg 
beneath and at the sides with scattered unequal, mostly conical, straight, very short 
spines; rachis slightly furfuraceous, acute and bifaced above, more or less convex 
below where aculeate throughout up to the apex mainly along the middle; the lower 
aculei usually straight, the upper ones shorter and hooked or transformed into claws: 
Leaflets very few, 2-3 ‘on each side, . with. a terminal pair, the  side-leaflets 
irregularly set, 3-7 cm. apart, chartaceous, rigidulous, concavo-convex, almost shining 
above, slightly paler beneath, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic or 
oblanceolate or sub-obovate, 12-18 cm. long and 8 cm. broad (the lowest the 
smallest), tapering towards and acute at the base, rather suddenly narrowed upwards 
into an acuminate and bristly tip, and furnished with 3-5 fine and acute costæ which 
run from the base up to the apex with minor nerves between them, all naked above ; 
the mid-costa stronger than the side ones, usually furnished with very few, short, erect 
spinules beneath, where the other nerves are smooth; margins acute, smooth (not ciliate 
or spinulous), the lower one usually bordered on the upper surface with a rather broad, 
brown, polished band which is occasionally accompanied by a few others running along 
the main nerves; the two terminal leaflets larger and broader and more suddenly 
acuminate than the side ones, connate up to about the middle. Male spadiz as in 
C. digitatus, with very few partial inflorescences (only two in the spadices seen) and 
prolonged into a slender aculeolate flagellum; primary spathes very narrow and long, 
cylindrical, strictly sheathing as in C. digitatus; partial inflorescences 10-14 cm. 
long, narrow, dense, of equal breadth at the base and at the apex, ascendent at first 
then arched and nodding, inserted inside their own spathe; secondary spathes tabular- 
infundibuliform, finely striate, produced at the apex at one side into a deflexed point; 
spikelets short, 1-1-5 cm. long, strongly arched downwards or subscorpioid, inserted at 
the mouth of their own spathe with a distinct axillary callus and bearing 5-15 very 
closely packed flowers on each side; spathels scale-like, concave, strongly veined, acute; 
involucre cupular, shorter than the spathels, obscurely and broadly 3-toothed, strongly 
veined. Male flowers slender, cylindrical, 5 mm. long and 2 mm. thick, slightly 
curved, obtuse and somewhat callous at the top; calyx campanulate, strongly striately 
