C.  caryotoides] BEOCARI MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 201 
exactly agree with those I have registered above, However it must be remembered 
that the fruit of Calamus is somewhat variable in size according to its degree of 
maturity, 
43. CALAMUS CARYOTOIDES All Cunn. in Mart. Hist. Nat, Palm, iii, 212 (ist 
edit.) and 338; Kunth. Enum. Pl. iii, 212; Walp. Ann. iii, 489 and 
v, 831; H. Wendl. & Drude in Linnzes, xxxix, 195; Wendl. in Kerck. 
Les Palm. 235; Becc. Malesia. i, 88 and ii, 77; Benth, ` Fl. Austr, 
vii, 135; F. v. Muell Census Austr. Pl. 119; Becc. in Ree. Bot Surv. 
Ind. iij 202; Bailey, Queensl Fl. 1686. 
Description.—Slender, scandent. Sheathed stem 5-8 mm. in diam. Leaf-sheath 
gibbous above, finely striate longitudinally, furfuraceous in youth, later glabrous, 
densely covered with rigid hairs like deciduous spiculz, which afterwards leave a sub- 
spiny tubercled base.  Ocrea 5-6 mm. long, almost horizontally truncate, densely 
hispid.  Leaf-sheath| flagella slender, filiform, very finely aculeolate. ^ Leaves short, 25- 
40 cm, long, not cirriferous; petiole almost obsolete or very short and thick 
with a distinct swelling or callus at its axilla; rachis subtrigonous, bifaced above, 
armed irregularly, chiefly on the lower surface, with very small claws and often 
sprinkled with black-tipped sub-spiny tubercles ; leaflets very few (6-9 in all) very 
inequidistant, rigidulous papyraceous, rather shiny above, slightly paler beneath ; 
the two of the terminal pair are more or less united (sometimes almost to the 
apex) and form a broad, furcate flabellum which is cuneate at the base and has 
the terminal margin truncate, sinuous and premorse; side-leaflets alternate, oblong- 
spathulate or more usually elongate-cuneate, {gradually narrowing towards the base 
from near the apex, which is also irregularly truncate and premorse; the largest 
(the mesial) 15-18 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad; the lowest approximate, narrower 
and shorter, usually divergent or even deflexed, all furnished with 5-7 slender costs 
diverging from the base;  costz smooth on both surfaces, the central hardly 
stronger than the side ones, and all reaching the apex; transverse veinlets sharp, 
approximate and quite continuous; margins acute, more or less furnished with 
small and. remote spinules. Male and female spadices almost the same and 
simply decompound, inserted almost opposite the leaf near the mouth of the 
sheath with a distinct axillary callus, very slender, flagelliform, and terminating 
in a filiform aculeolate appendix; primary spathes very narrowly tubular, very 
long, and very closeiy sheathing, sparsely aculeolate, the lowest slightly flattened 
the others cylindrical, obliquely truncate at the mouth; axial portion between two 
partial inflorescences very slender and armed externally with small claws. Male 
spadiz 1-l:2 m. long, with 6-7 partial inflorescences, nodding, inserted inside their 
own spathes; the largest, the lowest, as much as 15 cm. long with 89 
spikelets on each side; the others gradually smaller; the upper most reduced 
to a few spikelets; secondary spathes tubular-infundibuliform, closely sheathing, 
unarmed, obliquely truncate and with paleaceous cilia at the mouth; spathels 
shortly tubular at the base, suddenly enlarged into a concave limb,  striately 
veined and prolonged at one side into a spreading acute point; involucre almost 
entirely exserted from its own spsthel and attached to the base of the one above, 
cupular, truncate, almost entire or slightly bi-dentate and bi-carinate on the side next 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. CarcurrA Vou. XI. 
