C, viminalis ) BECCARI MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 9208. 
C. Rotang var. E Linn., Sp. Pl, 2nd edit., p. 463 (partly). 
C. buroénsis Mart. Hist, Nat. Palm. iii, 336, as to the plate in Herb, Amb. 
not as to the plant from Buru; Walp. Ann. iii, 486, and v, 830; Mi 
Fl. Ind. Bat. iiij 121, and De Palmis, 27; Becc. Malesia, i, 88. i 
C. litoralis Bl. Rumphia, iii, 43; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii, 333; Walp. 
Ann. iii, 483, and v, 830; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 114, and De 
Palmis, 27; Teysm. Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. 75; Kurz Veg. Bangka in 
Natuurk. Tijds, Ned. Indie, xxvii (1864), 218. j 
C. gracilis Roxb.? Zolling. Syst. Verzeich., 79 and exsicc. No. 2884. 
Palmijuncus viminalis Rumph. Herb. Amb. v, pl. 55, f. 2 A, B. 
DEsCRIPTION.—Scandent, of moderate size; sheathed stem 2-3 cm. in- diam. 
naked canes 15-20 mm. in diam., shining, vitreous and  straw-coloured on the 
surface.  Leaf-sheaths occasionally  flagelliferous, gibbous above, fugaciously mealy- 
furfuraceous; when young armed with straight pale flat spines, which are broad 
and concave beneath at the base, 1-3 cm. long, almost horizontal or slightly 
deflexed, scattered or not very regularly arranged into more or less approximate 
oblique series.  Leaf-sheath flagella very long, with the lowest spathes flattened 
and sparingly spinous at the margins, clawed upwards. Leaves 1-1:256 m. long, not 
cirriferous; petiole very short, rounded beneath, flattish akove and armed at the 
sides with straight horizontal spines, rachis  bifaced above, slightly rounded or 
flattish below, where armed, chiefly towards the apex, with strong straight spines, 
which are 1-4 cm. long, broad at the base; very acuminate, solitary, geminate 
or ternate, spreading, horizontal or deflexed ; leaflets very many, pointing different 
ways, more or less grouped in distant fascicles of 2-4 (more rarely 5-6) on 
each side of the rachis, the leaflets near the apex more regularly arranged and 
sometimes almost equidistant and on one plane; all narrowly lanceolate, attenuate 
at the base, gradually acuminate at tbe apex, 15-30 cm. long 1-25. em. 
broad, green, almost shining, about the same colour on both surfaces, with the 
mid-costa acute and spinulous above, this fainter and usually, but not always, naked 
beneath; secondary nerves weak, naked or sometimes sparingly spinulons beneath or 
on both surfaces; margins acute, regularly and closely ciliate-aculeolate. Male spadix 
opposite to the leaf, very long, decompound and ending in a long slender clawed 
flagellum ; partial inflorescences many, diffuse, bearing 7-8 alternate spikelets on 
each side; primary spathes narrow, elongate-tubular, cylindrical, coriaceous, closely 
sheathing, almost horizontally truncate at the mouth and very shortly apiculate at one 
side, armed with scattered claws; secondary spathes very narrowly tubular-infundibuli- 
form, 10-15 mm. long, truncate, entire, apiculate and ciliolate at the mouth, glabrous, 
unarmed ; spikelets very slender, filiform, 10-20 cm. long, horizontal or deflexed, 
inserted at the mouth of their own spathe; spathels 30-35 in every. spikelet, 
very small, tubulose at the base, suddenly enlarged into a broad infundibuli- 
form, entire, laterally acute limb; each spathel with a secondary very small 
subscorpioid spikelet, which is composed of very few (4-8) small bi-seriate approxi- 
mate flowers, rarely more; secondary spathels bracteiform, membranous, broadly 
ovate; involucre formed by two very small membranous, broadly ovate, acute 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. CarcurrA Vor. XI. 
