C. siamensis] BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS 209 
and hooked prickles, which have often a very long point or are of the usual kind, 
chiefly on the terminal portion of the leaf; furthermore the rachis is armed also at 
the sides in its lower portion with variable short or long slender spines; leafiets 
very numerous (more than 40 on each side), very closely set in one plane (not crossing 
one over the other or pointing different ways), equidistant, 10-15 mm, apart, narrowly 
lanceolate, uni-costate, with the side nerves rather weak, attenuate towards the base 
and rather suddenly acuminate at the apex, opaque on the upper surface where the 
mid-costa is furnished with a few rather strong and rigid spinules, and the side- 
nerves are naked; lower surface paler than the upper one, almost glaucous, with the 
not prominent mid-costa and one nerve on each side of it usually but not always 
finely spinulous; transverse veinlets much interrupted; margins ciliolate serrate with fine 
and rather approximate and spreading spinules; the largest leaflets, the mesial, 15-22 
em. long, 12-17 mm. broad, the others slightly smaller and gradually decreasing 
towards the apex; the two of the terminal pair shorter and narrower, free at the 
base. Male spadiz . . . . . Female spadiz simply decompound, very similar to 
that of C. fasciculatus ; primary spathes narrow-tubular, very closely sheathing; the 
lowest acutely 2-edged, densely armed with scattered, variable, often short, patent or 
slightly deflexed spines; upper primary spathes cylindrie, armed rather densely with 
scattered aculei, entire, obliquely truncate and acute on one side at the mouth; 
partial inflorescences erecto-rigid, 12-25 cm. long with 5-6 distichous spikelets (2-3 
cm. apart) on each side; secondary spathes unarmed, narrowly tubular-infundibuliform, 
obliquely truncate and apiculate-subulate at the mouth on one side; spikelets at first 
erecto-patent, later horizontal or deflexed, slightly arched, inserted just above the mouth 
of their respective spathes, slightly callous at their upper axilla, the lower ones tne 
largest, 8-9 cm. long, composed of about 30 spathels, the upper ones somewhat shorter, 
Female flowers numerous, very closely set and very conspicuously 4-seriate, as two flowers 
equally developed and fertile are inserted at each spathel with a sterile flower 
between the two; spathels shortly and broadly infundibuliform, rather thin in texture, 
glabrous, very finely striately veined, truncate at the mouth, often split, prolonged 
at one side into a short triangular point; involucrophorum small, entirely hidden in 
its own spathel at the base of the one above, submembranous, extended right and 
left into a triangular, bracteiform, acutely keeled scale; each of these scales embrace 
ing a distinct concave calyculiform involucre, which is flat and two-keeled on the 
side of the surfaces in contact: only one of the involucres, the uppermost, bears a 
neuter flower which is inserted a little above the two fertile ones. Female flowers 
(when in bud) small, ovate, 2:5 mm. long; the calyx divided into 3 ovate lobes, 
very finely striately veined outside and thin in texture; the segments of the corolla 
acute, as long as and slightly narrower than the lobes of the calyx; filaments of 
the stamens highly connate at the base, dentiform, broad and short in the free 
portion; anthers sagittate. Neuter flowers smaller and more slender than the female 
ones, with the corolla twice as long as the calyx, empty anthers, and a small 
rudimentary ovary. Fruiting perianth explanate, its calyx split down to the base, 
Fruit small, spherical, pisiform (about 8 mm. in diam.), very shortly and minutely, 
apiculate ; scales channelled along the middle, in 15 series, light-coloured, shining 
with a whitish scarious marginal line and finely erosely toothed margin, often with 
a reddish point. Seed very small, globular, deeply and irregularly grooved on the 
dorsal face, 
Í 
Axx. Ror, Bor, Garp. Carcevrra Vor. XI. 
