220 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL  BOTANIO. GARDEN, CALCUTTA. [C. rivalis 
flowers on each: side, ^ spathels ^ crowded, , very. broad; . bracteiform, spoon-or. boat- 
shaped, striately ^ veined,' 'aeute,  furfuraceous-eiliate ; involucre cupular, not very 
deep, truncate, ‘shorter than the spathel, scaly-ciliate at the margin, posticously 
bi-dentate. Male flowers ovate, 4 mm. long, rather blunt or sometimes acute, 
half enveloped by the spathels; the calyx striately veined, shortly and’. obtusely 
3-lobate, frequently split irregularly; corolla one-third longer than the ealyx, divided 
to a little below the middle into türee oblong segments; stamens with filaments 
highly adnate to the tubular ‘part of the corolla, subulate in their upper part, and 
with inflected tips; anthers lanceolate, versatile ; rudimentary ovary represented.” by 
3° pseudod-carpels which reach to about the middle of the anthers and form a clavate 
body.’ Female. spadiz similar to the male but simply decompound ; partial. inflores- 
cences . 20-30 cm. long, with 5-10 spikelets on each: side, and terminating -in 
a slender : filiform ‘caudate ‘appendix; secondary spathes tubular, slightly enlarged 
above, truncate at the .mouth, often aculeolate; spikelets inserted at the mouth 
of their own spathels, arched and strongly deflexed; the largest, the lowest, 
5-6 cm. long. with 8-10 flowers on. each side; the upper ones gradually but 
not much smailer; spathels very short, very broadly infundibuliform, striately 
veined, entire, truncate, acute at one side; involucrophorum subdimidiately - cupular, 
indistinctly bidentate and two-keeled next to the axis, attached- at. the base of 
the spathel above its own; involucre cupular, rather deep, truncate, its margin 
unequal, undulate or obscurely ‘irregularly lobate or. toothed ; areola of the neuter 
flower: lunáte, "sharply bordered. Female flowers small, . ovate, 3°25~4- mm, long. 
fruiting perianth not pedicelliform, ‘cleft into :3 ‘ovate, acute — lobes; ^ its corolla 
divided into three segments ` as long as those of the calyx, but slightly narrower $ 
the calyx and corolla conspicuously rusty-furfüraceous. : Fruit very broadly ovoid, 
suddenly contracted into a stout beak, 7-8 mm, broad, and 11 mm. long including 
the beak; scales in 18 series, almost shining, not or very faintly channelled along 
ihe middle, pale-yellowish, with obtuse reddish-brown tip, margins very finely erose 
and sometimes slightly tinged with’ the same colour as the tip, Seed (not 
seen perfectly mature) broadly ovate, convex and alveolate on the back, flattish 
with a circular and rather deep chalazal fovea on the raphal side; albumen equable A 
embryo situated a little above the base on the raphal side. 2 | 
: Hasitat.—Ceylon : in the southern district, Thwaites C. P. N o. 8914; | Walker 
in Herb. Kew.; Pasdun Korle, Zrimen; Koti canal near Colombo, Fergusson, 
OnsERvATIONS.— This Calamus shows marked affinities with the foll owing allied 
Species, | | 
Piare 05.—Calamus rivalis TZ», An intermediate -portion of a leaf 
from the lower surface) and lower portion of a male spadix with an 
partial inflorescence; from Thwaites’ No. 3914 in Herb. Kew. Maas 
, Prate 66.—Calamus, rivalis hv,  Leafsheath with the base of a leaf and 
partial inflorescence with almost ripe fruit, from Thwaites’ No. 3914 in Herb. Calc.: 
two spikelets -with ripe fruit and detached seeds, from the same number in Hárh. 
De. Candolle. m UA | eus | | 
