294 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIO GARDEN, CALCUTTA. [C. pseudo-tenuis 
horizontal or slightly deflexed, scattered and distant, or very crowded; one straight 
very long spine usually stands on each side of the mouth ai the base of the ocrea. 
Ocrea very large, in young leaves even 10 cm. in length, fugaciously furfuraceous, 
brown, not spinous, pergamentaceous, entire, and not fibrous or filamentous at the 
margin. : Leaves not cirriferous, probably about 1:5 m. long (judging from the 
portions seen by me); petiole short (about 15 em. long) flat and smooth above, 
armed at the margins with long and straight spines, rounded below, where the 
spines are scattered, short and more or less hooked; rachis bifaced above, rounded 
beneath in its first portion where armed, especially at the sides, with some scattered, 
very long (even 4 cm.) needle-like, flat, straight, horizontal or deflexed spines which 
point in different directions, mostly solitary, sometimes geminate with a tendency to 
change along the middle into claws, especially towards the apex, where the rachis is 
flattish : and. the claws are more numerous and not seldom terminate in a rather long 
and suddenly deflexed point; leaflets pale-green and opaque when dry, slightly paler 
beneath, linear-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, gradually acuminate at the apex, 
where more or less indented on the lower margin, somewhat attenuate and suddenly 
contracted and plicate at the base, rather closely set, equidistant, almost regularly 
alternate or sub-opposite throughout the entire leaf; the larger ones, those near the 
base in vigorous specimens 35-15 cm. long and 2 em. in width; the upper ones 
gradually shorter but of the same breadth, less acuminate, and more or less bristly- 
penicillate at the apex; the two of the terminal pair free at the base, much smaller 
than the others, 10-12 cm. long, 10-15 mm. broad; all with three more or less 
bristly-spinulous coste above; the side coste very weak; beneath only the mid-costa 
sparingly bristly, mainly near the apex; margins very appressedly spinulose or almost 
smooth; transverse veinlets rather faint, much interrupted. Male spadiz very long, 
flagelliform, ultra-decompound, with many remote partial inflorescences; primary spathes 
tubular, very long, closely sheathing; the lowest flattened, acutely two-keeled, armed 
with scattered, straight, horizontal, mostly short spines; the intermediate ones slightly 
compressed, not keeled; the upper ones cylindraceous, obliquely truncate and entire 
at the mouth, where prolonged at one side into a short triangular. point; armed in 
their upper part with broad-based deflexed prickles and on the back of their attenu- 
ated axial portion with strong half-whorled claws; partial inflorescences remote, very 
long (30-40 cm.) with 6-9 distichous compound spikes on each side; secondary 
spathes very narrowly tubular-infundibuliform, rather elongate, attenuate at the base, 
unarmed or nearly so, obliquely truncate at the mouth, where prolonged at one side 
into. a triangular acute point, which is usually  sealy-ciliate at the margins ; 
compound spikes narrow, flexuose, arched downwards, 12-14 cm. long, with 19-15 
very small (10-15 mm. long at most) very few-flowered, scorpioid spikelets ; often the 
compound spikelets have the appearance of simple spikelets with a glomerule of flo Were 
at each spathel; tertiary spathes tubular-infundibuliform ; spathels very short, bractei- 
gorm, scale-like, concave, broadly ovate-acuminate; involucre usually shallowly cupular 
truncate, posticously two-keeled, but sometimes divided into two ovate, acute, strongly 
striately veined scale-like bracts. Male flowers 2-10 on each side of the spikelets, 
very approximate, very small, about 3 mm. long, ovate; the calyx trilobate, striately 
veined outside; the corolla about twice as long as the calyx, divided down almost to’ 
the base into three oblong segments polished externally; the stamens: united by 
