€. australis] ^. BECCARI MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 931 
about the same size, 15-27 cm. long, and 20-28 mm. broad, the lowest ones hardly 
smaller than those of the middle; the upper ones suddenly shorter than the others; 
the two of the terminal pair 6-10 om, long, obtuse and. often distinctly bidentate 
at the apex;  mid-costa rather acute and prominent in the upper face; secondary 
nerves slender and only one on each side of the mid-costa more conspicuous than 
the others, but not so as to render the surface distinctly 3-costate; beneath all 
nerves less distinct than above; transverse veinlets fine, rather. numerous and 
distinct; margins quite smooth or very sparingly appressedly spinulous. Male spadiz 
fugaciously tawny-furfuraceous, elongate flagelliform, pendulous, ultra-decompound 
with a long, clawed flagellum at its summit, strongly armed in the attenuated basal 
portions between two partial inflorescences with half-whorled  black-tipped claws ; 
primary spathes very elongate, tubular, cylindric, very closely sheathing, rather 
densely aculeolate in their upper part, obliquely truncate at the mouth where often 
somewhat split longitudinally and prolonged at one side into a triangular hispid 
point; partial inflorescences elongate, large and diffuse, as much as 60 om. long, 
arising erect from inside the mouth of their own spathe and then spreading, 
terminating in a. short filiform closely sheathed caudate unarmed appendix, and 
bearing in their apical portion a few simple spikelets and in the lower one a few 
secondary branches, which latter are 8-12 cm. long with 4-9 spikelets on each 
side; secondary spathes about 2 cm. long, very narrowly tubular-infundibuliform, 
closely sheathing, narrowed at the base, unarmed, finely striately veined longitudinally, 
entirely green and not withered at the mouth where obliquely truncate, densely 
ciliated with fine paleole and prolonged at one side into a triangular acute point; 
tertiary spathes infundibuliform, striately veined, sprinkled with small greyish scales; 
spikelets horizontal or deflexed, callous at their upper axilla, inserted just above the 
mouth of their own spathe, complanate, pectinate; those of the upper part of the 
inflorescences 3-5 cm. long with 12-15 distichous very approximate flowers on each 
side; those of the branches or compound spikes 2 em. at most, with about 10 
flowers on each side; spathels very short, concave, . subbracteiform, with their apex 
acute and deflexed, striately veined, ciliolate and sprinkled with small grey scales; 
involucre almost flat, transversely evolute, acute at both sides, Male flowers. very 
small, 2 mm. long, ovate or subobovate, rounded and obtusely apiculate at the top; 
the calyx with a short striately veined tube with 3 very broad triangular acute 
lobes; the corolla twice as long as the calyx or even longer. Female spadiz simply 
decompound, the one seen entire with 6 partial inflorescences and about 2 metres in 
length including a slender aculeolate apical flagellum of 40 cm. in length; lowest 
primary spathe flattened, two-edged, rather densely covered with epiculae like those of 
the leaf-sheaths; the other spathes like those of the male spadix; largest partial 
inflorescences 25-50 cm. long, bearing on each side 8~12 spikelets, these 5-15 cm, 
long, flexuose, vermicular, narrowed and acute at the summit, with 8-14 flowers ou 
each side; spathels broadly infundibuliform, somewhat narrowed at the base, finely 
striately veined, truncate at the mouth and prolonged at one side into a triangular 
acute point; involucrophorum almost included in its own spathe]l and attached at 
the base of the one above, sub-cupular, acutely bidentate and two-keeled and deeply 
lunately emarginate on the side next to the axis; involucre  sub-cupular, 
