C. myriacanthus.]  BECCARL. MONOGRAPH OF THE. GENUS CALAMUS, 251 
stout claws; rachis robust and armed closely at the. margins like the petiole, and 
along the middle beneath with very robust at first solitary and, from the middle 
upwards, ternate claws; leaflets few (27 in all) usually subopposite in the first 
portion, with the pairs rather distant, irregularly alternate upwards and speedily 
decreasing in size towards the summit, large, broadly oblanceolate, somewhat concavo- 
convex, gradually narrowed to an acute base, broadest above the middle and thence 
tapering to a bristly tip, firmly papyraceous, conspicuously discolorous, dull-green and 
glabrous above, whitish beneath but without a detachable indumentum, with 7-8 
main costae which are naked on both surfaces but much more acute and prominent 
beneath than above; the mid-costa not stronger than the side ones; transverse 
veinlets extremely numerous and approximate but not very conspicuous; margins 
smooth, often. bordered, especially on the lower surface, with a polished band; the 
largest leaflets, the lower ones,: 40. cm. long, 7-7°5 cm.. broad; the two of the 
terminal pair slightly decurrent and free at the base, 18-20 cm. long, 2 cm. broad. 
Male spadiz . . . . .  Femat spadix simply decompound, flagelliform, nodding, 
2:60 m. long in one specimen (ineluding the peduneular part) with few (3) partial inflor- 
escences and with a terminal slender filiform slightly aculeolate appendix; the pedun- 
cular part, tne primary and secondary spathes covered with very small appressed 
rusty scales, excessively long (l'ó m.), flattened, plano-convex, with acute margins feebly 
armed with very slender acicular scattered spines, gradually passing into the very 
elongate basal spathe; this also somewhat flattened-tubular, closely: sheathing, acutely 
two-edged, prolonged at the summit into an elongate lanceolate dorsally keeled 
point, furnished near the mouth with a few acicular long flat very weak spines; 
upper primary spathes. also very elongate, cylindraceous, very narrow,- also prolonged 
at the summit into a lanceolate point and equally furnished near the mouth with the 
peculiar spines which cover the first spathe and furthermore more or less prickly on 
its surface; the naked axial portions between two partial inflorescences flat or 
siightly concave on the inner side, and armed with slender small straight scattered 
spines (n. «with claws) on the back; partial. inflorescences very long, the lowest, . 
and largest, 80 cm. in length with 11 alternately distichous spikelets on each side; 
the upper ones shorter; secondary spatbes tubular-infundibuliform, minutely spinulous 
especially near the base, obliquely truncate and ciliate-bearded at the mouth, prolonged 
at one side into a long triangular subulate dorsally keeled point; spikelets 
horizontally attached above the mouth of their respective spathe with a distinct axillary 
callus, slenderly vermicular, rather brittle, elongate; the lower ones, the largest, 15 
cm. long with 28-30 bifarious flowers on each side; the upper ones gradually 
shorter; the terminal 7-8 cm. only; spathels hairy-furfuraceous, bracteiform, very 
approximate, concave, very broad, prolonged into a strongly deflexed striately veined 
acuminate point; involucrophorum indistinct, represented by a very small scale-like 
appendix on the side of the neuter flower; involucre laterally attached almost outside 
its own spathel at the base of the one: above, explanate, formed by two triangular 
strongly veined bracts, which are united by their bases; areola of the neuter flower 
depressed, very small, indistinct. Female flowers conic, small, 35-4 mm. long, the 
calyx flat, callous and somewhat broadened at the base, strongly striately veined, 
with 3 very short acute teeth; the corolla slightly longer than the calyx, not 
striate, and shining outside. Neuter flowers very acute, narrower, but as long as the 
female ones and with a comparatively longer corolla. Fruit unknown. - 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp, Carcurra Vor. XI. 
