C. perakensis. | BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 291 
gradually long-acuminate at the summit into a setaceous and bristly-ciliate apex 
acutely tricostate, the mid-costa slightly stronger than the side ones, the throb 
bristly-spinulous above, beneath the central costa very finely and closely, and 
the side ones more sparingly spinulous; margins rather closely ciliate with 
erecto-patent spinules; transverse veinlets rather sharp, numerous, much interrupted; 
the largest leaflets in vigorous specimens 30 cm. long, 17-18 mm. broad, but 
sometimes only 10 cm. long and 1 cm. broad; the upper ones suddenly 
shorter; the two of the terminal pair quite free at the base, Male spadia 
erect, rather rigid, 0:6 to 13 m. long, with 3-4 partial inflorescences par+ 
tially ultradecompound, with an elongate flattened plano-convex acutely two-edged 
peduncle, the edges spinulous or unarmed; it terminates in a partial inflorescence 
or in the more robust specimens in a slender, flattened, unarmed, more or 
less elongate, tail-like appendix; primary spathes rather closely sheathing in their 
lower portion, bursting longitudinally upwards and prolonged into a reddish-brown, 
finely striate, unarmed, rigid, papyraceous, linear-lanceolate, long-aeuminate limb 
which is almost polished inside, opaque and more or less scaly-furfuraceous 
outside, longer than its own inflorescence or even one-third or one-half 
shorter and  explanate in the lower spathes and auriculiform in the 
upper ones; the lowest primary spathe has a closely sheathing, strongly flattened, 
plano-convex, acutely two-edged basilar part, which is a good deal longer in 
the upper ones; the edges smooth or armed with slender needle-like ascen- 
dent spines and the back prickly or smooth; partial inflorescences Jaxly panicled, 
erect, very conspicuously callous at their insertion, with a straight rigid axis, 
the larger 30 cm. long with 3-4 branchlets or compound spikelets on each side 
in its lowest part and some simple distichous spikelets upwards; the branchlets 
and the spikelets also with a very large axillary callus; the lowest branchlets, the 
largest, 8-10 cm. long with 10-12 gradually ciminishing spikelets on each side; 
axial portions between two partial inflorescences straight, rigid, obsoletely angular or 
somewhat flattened, smooth or more or less furnished with small claws on the 
outer side; secondary spathes membranous, exsuccous, smooth, tubular-infundibuli- 
form, sheathing only a portion of the axis, entire and obliquely truncate at the 
mouth, prolonged at one side into an acuminate patent point; simple spikelets 
Tather thick, horizontally inserted with a distinct axillary callus, the largest, the 
lowest ones, about 2 cm. long with 6-8 flowers on each side; those of the 
summit very few-flowered; spathels very closely packed, concave-bracteiform with a 
broadly triangular patent or deflexed acute point; involucre subtended by its spathel, 
more or less irregularly cupular, rather deep, entire or obsoletely bidentate on the 
side next to the axis. Male flowers elongate, cylindraceous, more or less narrowed 
et the summit, 4:5-5 mm. long, 1°5 mm. thick; the calyx cylindraceous, flat at 
the base, obsoletely striately veined, its teeth short, broadly triangular; corolla 
twice as long as the calyx; the segments narrowly lanceolate-acumingte, sbining. 
Female spadix like the male but simply decompound ; partial inflorescences few 
(3-4), attached to the axis with a very conspicuous callus and a transverse rima, 
erecto-patent, with a rigid and rather thick slightly sinuous axis, which is more 
or less marked by the impressions of the flowers when in the bud, the largest 
ones 15-20 cm. long with 5-6 spikelets on each side; secondary spathes as in the 
male spadix, but sometimes with the point more prolonged ‘and exsuccous ; spikelets 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garo. Uancurra Vor. XI. 
