Ç. nitidus.) .  .  BECOARL MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 303 
is very sparingly spinulous, the side-nerves are smooth; margins very appresselly 
and inconspicuously spinulous; transverse veinlets very slender above, indistinct 
beneath; the largest leaflets, the lowest, 15-16 em. long, 14-15 mm. broad; the 
upper ones slightly shorter; the two of the terminal pair 10-12 cm, long, slightly 
narrower than the others, quite free at the base. Male spadiz very slender, filiform, 
50 cm. up to 1 metre in length, with rather many (6-7) partial inflorescences 
10-15 cm. apart and with a very slender filiform aculeolate flagellum at its summit, 
ultradecompound, with a short flattened peduncular portion, which is armed at the sides 
with slender horizontal spines; its axial portions between two partial inflorescences very 
slender, 1°5-2 mm, thick, subterete or obscurely angular, rather densely armed on the 
outer side with scattered or more or less confluent slender claws; primary spathes 
elongate, at first tubular and subventricose in the middle, bursting longitudinally during 
the anthesis and—with the exception of a small tubular basilar portion—open, flat, 
persistent, exsuccous, papyraceous, glabrous, of a cinnamon-brown colour, subshining, 
finely striate longitudinally inside, paler outside, somewhat longer than their 
respective inflorescences; the lowest about 20 em. Jong and 15 mm, broad with 
two acute and spinulous carinae; the upper ones smooth or sparingly spinulous at 
the base on the back; partial inflorescences erect or erecto-patent, rather 
dense, ovoid-pyramidate in outline, the larger ones panicled, the lowest about 
15 cm. long, their axis straight and slender, with 10-12 .bifarious branchlets 
on each side which have a tendency to a unilateral arrangement; the largest 
branchlets, the lowest, 3-4 cm. long, with 8-10 very small spikelets on each side; 
secondary spathes glabrous, cylindraceous and closely sheathing in their lower 
portion, somewhat expanded at their summit into an obliquely truncate limb, this 
entire at the mouth and prolonged at one side into a subulate point; branches 
branchlets and spikelets inserted at the mouth of their respective spathes and with a 
very distinct axillary callus and its transverse rima; spikelets very small and short; 
the larger ones 5-7 mm. long with 5-7 approximate bifarious flowers on each 
side, the two series often slightly unilateral; spathels very closely packed, bracteiform, 
concave, their points acuminate, patent or deflexed and subtending the involucre; this 
inserted at the base of the spathel above its own, calyculiform, concave, subeymbiform, 
strongly veined, acute right and left. Male flowers narrow, elongate, subterete, acumi- 
nate at the summit into a subtrigonous point, 2:5 mm. long and barely more than 
*5 mm. thick; the calyx cylindraceous, strongly striately veined, divided down to a little 
above the middle into 3 triangular acute lobes; the corolla twice as long as the 
calyx, its segments lanceolate, acuminate, striately veined outside; stamens biseriate with 
the filaments thick and agglutinate at the base, subulate upwards and with inflected 
apex when in the bud; anthers elongate, subsagittate; rudimentary ovary very small. 
Female spadiz like the male one, but simply decompound; lower partial inflorescences 
with 9-12 distichous horizontal or slightly deflexed spikelets on each side; the upper 
inflorescences smaller, with 3-4 spikelets only, all with a distinct axillary callus 
at their insertion; spathels very approximate, very shortly tubular at the base and 
suddenly expanded into a broadly infundibuliform, strongly veined, glabrous not 
ciliate and at one side acute limb; involucrophorum subtended by its own spathel 
and attached at the base of the one above, almost explanate and apparently formed 
by two triangular bracts which are united by their bases and ‘acute right and left; 
involucre smaller than the involucrophorum and like this strongly veined, ealyeuliform, 
