C. travancoricus.] . BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 311 
Tsjeru isjurel, Rheede, Hort. Mal. xii (1603), 121, pl. rxiv. 
DescripTion.—Slender scandent,  Sheathed stem 7-8 or at most 10 mm. in diam. 
Leaf-sheaths not or slightly gibbous above, sometimes flagelliferous, more or less densely 
armed with straight, slender, rather long horizontal spines, which are dark-coloured with 
a light bese and scaly-fringed at the margins and are intermingled with smaller ones 
or with short rigid bristles or even with spinescent tubercles; near the mouth the 
spines are crowded, more slender and sometimes changed into bristles or into more 
or less distinctly seriate asperities. Ocrea short, membranous, very obliquely truncate 
Leaf-sheath flagella. very slender, filiform, feebly armed with small claws. Leaves short, 
40-50 cm. long, not cirriferous; petiole short (5-7 cm. long) flattish or slightly 
channelled above, rounded beneath, where sparingly prickly or even transversely 
scabrid, the margins acute and with a few straight spines especially near its base; 
rachis acutely bifaced and smooth above, somewhat irregularly and weakly clawed 
beneath ; leaflets not very numerous, 20-30 in all, distinctly grouped into 3-4 
fascicles ; these 3-10 em, apart, each composed of J-5 very approximate leaflets on 
each side, all on one plane, viz, not pointing in different directions (the groups of 
one side opposed to those of the other side), thin in texture, subherbaceous, green 
even when dry, barely paler beneath, very narrowly oblanceolate, long and gradually 
attenuate to the base, subulately acuminate from their upper third part into a 
filamentous tip (this shortly bristly at the margins), with 3 very slender costae, which 
are often accompanied by two others more delicate (one on each side) ; the 3 main 
costae and sometimes also the other two more or less spinulous above, on the uuder 
surface all nerves slender and only the mid-costa occasionally spinulous near the 
summit; margins very minutely closely and appressedly spinulous ; transverse veinlets 
very fine, sinuous, much interrupted; all leaflets of about the same shape and size» 
those of the lowest group slightly the largest, 15-18 cm. long, 10-15 mm. broad; 
the two of terminal pair quite free at the base. Male spadiz ultradecompound, 
very slender, about 1'2 m. in length, including a terminal slender filiform finely 
aculeolate flagellum (this 60 em. long) with 6-7 partial inflorescences ; primary 
spathes elongate, 12-15 cm. long, tubular and slightly ventricose or subtorulose in the 
middle when enclosing the inflorescences than which they are considerably longer, later 
more or less partially bursting longitudinally and expanded, at least in their central 
portion where 10-12 mm, broad, membranous, exsuccous, glabrous, yellowish-brown, 
darker inside; the lowest primary spathe flattened and acutely two-edged in its basal 
portion; the edges spinulous, with two superficial almost unarmed and evanescent 
carinae in its upper part; partial inflorescences small, panicled, rather dense, ovate, 
spreading, 7-8 cm. long at most, with 3-4 subdistichous branchlets on each side of 
the very slender and very sinuous axis, the lower branchelets, the largest, with 5-6 
distichous spikelets on each side; secondary spathes elongate-infundibuliform, smooth, 
closely sheathing, truncate and naked at the mouth, acute or acuminate at one side ; 
spikelets small, slightly arched, very spreading, horizontal or even deflexed, the largest, 
the lower ones, 7-8 mm. long with 4-5 distichous flowers on each side; the axis 
very slender zig-zag sinuous; upper spikelets: smaller, very few-flowered; the 
inflorescences, branchlets and spikelets have a very conspicuous callus at their insertion ; 
spathels infundibuliform above, truncate and entire at the mouth, where acute at one 
side, narrow at the base; involucre subhorizontally subtended. by its own spathel and 
