C3 Huegelianus. | BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 315 
up to 40 cm. long, coriaceous, almost polished, tubular, closely sheathing, subeylin- 
draceous or obsoletely avgular-compressed, obliquely truncate and entire at the mouth, 
slightly prolonged at one side into a short acute point, this keeled on the back, 
attenuated for a considerable length at the base, more or less densely prickly 
on the outer side lower down, and like the lower ones all round in their upper 
part; partial inflorescences erect, rigid, rather densely panicled-pyramidate, the largest 
20-30 cm. long with 5-7 gradually diminishing spikelets on each side, their 
axis rigid, slightly zig-zag sinuous; secondary spathes shortly  tubular-infundi- 
buliform, obliquely truncate, entire and ciliolate at the mouth, more or less pro- 
longed at one side into a triangular acute or acuminate point; spikelets rigid, arched, 
spreading or subhorizontal, distichous, inserted just at the mouth of their respective 
spathes with a distinct axillary callus and transversal rima, the lowest, the largest 
5-7 cm. long, with 6-8 slightly secund flowers on each side, or with the two 
series of flowers pointing upwards and not spreading in one plane; uppermost 
spikelets very few-flowered; spathels shortly infundibuliform, horizontally truncate, 
acute at one side; involucrophorum more or less distinctly pedicelliform, especially in 
the lower part of the spikelet, exsert from its own spathel and attached laterally at the 
base of the one above with a distinct axillary callus next to the axis, expanded at 
the summit into a shallow truncate entire subcalyculiform limb; involucre slightly 
concave, orbicular, subdiscoid-pateriform, with entire or unequal margin; areola of the 
neuter flower callous with a central punctiform scar and sometimes subpedicelliform. 
Female flowers rather Jarge, 6 mm, long, ovoid-acute when in bud; the calyx coria- 
ceous, campanulate, smooth or faintly veined outside, shortly and acutely 5-toothed ; 
the corolla almost twice as long as the calyx, its segments thick, ovate or ovate- 
lanceolate, acute, polished outside ; stamens united by their bases, triangular in the free 
portion. Fruiting perianth rather thick, shortly pedicelliform. Fruit almost sphaeric 
or slightly turbinate, 15-18 mm. in diam., very suddenly contracted into a short conic 
beak and crowned by the persistent reflexed stigmas; scales in 21 series, shining ; 
quite black or sometimes of a chestnut-brown colour or more rarely spadiceous near 
their base with a much darker tip and margins, not or very indistinctly channelled 
along the middle, longer than broad with a rather elongate triangular not very 
adpressed or subsquarrose point; this and the margins distinctly erosely toothed. 
Seed globular, 11-13 mm. in diam., covered with the very adherent opaque granulate 
integument; albumen deeply and subradiately ruminate, chalazal fovea indistinct, 
embryo basal. 
Hasirat.—Lower India. The type-specimens were collected in December 1850 by 
Wight (No. 2760) at Sisparah (Herb. Kew and St. Petersb.) in the Nilghiri moun- 
tains, where it seems a rather common plant, having been found again by Gamble 
on the Sisparah Ghat (1,200 m.), at Conoor (1,500-1,800 m.) and at Naduvatam 
(1,800 m.).—Higel’s specimen in Martius Herbarium at Brussels has no special 
locality on the label. 
OssERvATIONS.— This species has received three names according to the degree of 
development of the flowers or fruit. Martius gave the name of C. Huegelianus to the 
female plant in flower, and that of Damonorops melanolepis to that with immature 
fruit, and Griffith that of C. Wightii to that with full grown fruit. Moreover it 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. Carcurra Vor. XI. 
