LJ 
330 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. [C. exilis 
entire seen from the chalazal side; seed cut through the embryo. From the Leyden 
Herb. 
108. Carawus EXILIS Griff. Palms Brit. India, 51, pl. cuxxxvi A. f. iv; Mart. 
Hist. Nat. Palm. ii, 333 and pl. 176, f. vii; Walp. Ann. iii, 484 and 
v, 830; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. iiij 116; Hook. f, Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 454; 
Becc. in Rec. Bot. Surv, Ind. ii, 208. 
Descriprion.—NScandent, slender or of moderate size, 3-7 m. long. Sheathed stem 
in delicate plants 5-6 mm., in luxuriant ones 1-2 cm, in diam.  .Leaf-sheaihs 
flagelliferous, gibbous above, obliquely truncate and very densely hairy, ciliate or 
bearded at the mouth, very scabrid, being densely covered with innumerable short 
rigid hairs, which rest on a bultous base, and furthermore often, but not always, 
more or less armed with straight horizontal or deflexed, usually short, broad-based, 
slender or rather robust, solitary or more rarely confluent spines; the scabridity 
which covers the spathes extends also to the base of the petioles, primary spathes, 
flagella, and in a lesser and variable degree to the leaf-rachis and different parts of 
the spadix, except flowers and fruit. Ocrea very short, densely bearded. Leaf-sheath 
flagella slender, filiform, flattened and unarmed in their basal portion, and furnished 
upwards with numerous irregularly scattered, not or slightly confluent small claws. 
Leaves not cirriferous, 50-60 cm. and in luxuriant plants 1-1'2 m. long; petiole 
relatively long, about one-fifth of the total length of the leaf (12-25 cm.), rather 
broad (5-8 mm.) flat or slightly channelled near its base above, convex and quite 
unarmed or more or less clawed beneath, the margins rather acute and armed with 
straight and horizontal or more or less recurved spines, or with the two kinds mixed 
together; rachis more or less scabridulous and hairy, bifaced above, armed beneath 
along the middle throughout its whole length with solitary claws; leaflets numerous, 
thinly papyraceous, alternate or subopposite, equidistant, 12-17 mm. apart, green and 
subconcolorous on both surfaces, linear-sublanceolate, gradually attenuate into a not 
very acute base, subulately acuminate and aristate at the apex, with the mid-costa 
slender but acute above and 2-5 secondary nerves on each side of it; of these one 
often stronger than the others and therefore occasionally more or less distinctly 
3-costulate; secondary nerves more or less hairy-hispidulous; transverse veinlets not 
very conspicuous, distant and short; margins hairy-hispid or adpressedly ciliate; the 
largest leaflets in delicate plants are 15-25 cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad and in 
luxuriant ones 20-25 cm., by 12-14 mm.; the upper ones narrower and shorter; the 
two of the terminal pair quite free at the base. . Male spadiz. . . . . . Female 
spadiz decompound, rigid, erect and straight in its basal part, from 60 cm. to 2 m, 
in length, including a very slender filiform aculeolate terminal flagellum, bearing a 
few (2-5) partial inflorescences; primary spathes coriaceous, elongate, tubular, closely 
sheathing, hairy or bearded at the mouth, prolonged at the summit into a triangular 
acute point, this keeled on the back; the lowermost flat on the inner side near its base, 
convex on the back, slightly flattened and two-edged upwards, the edges spinulous, 
otherwise unarmed or sparsely aculeolate; upper primary spathes more cylindraceous 
than the first, usually sparsely aculeolate, somewhat narrowed to the base, where 
more or less armed, especially in the upper part of the spadix, with scattered claws 
on the outer side; partial inflorescences panicled, rather dense and terminating in 
e. 
