C. densiflorus.] BECCARI, MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 37 
packed flatly bifarious flowers on each side; spathels very approximate, bracteiform: 
with a broadly triangular ciliate deflexed point, this subtending its own flower; 
involucre shallowly cupular, somewhat irregularly 2-3-lobed. Male flowers ovoid (when 
young); the calyx distinctly striately veined; spathels, involucres, and flowers covered 
with small loose rusty-furfuraceous scales, Female spadizx elongate, prolonged at 
the summit into a very long flagellum, this in one specimen 1°5 m. long and 
strongly armed with solitary, geminate or even ternate claws; partial inflorescences 
remote, not numerous, broadly paniculate, rather short and dense, terminating with 
a small unarmed taillike appendix, the basal, the largest, 26 cm. long in one 
specimen, and with 6 spreading spikelets on each side, the upper ones shorter and 
with fewer spikelets; primary spathes very long, tubular, closely sheathing, armed 
chiefly towards their summit with scattered, short, very broad-based prickles, truncate 
and naked at the mouth, where acute at one side; the upper ones cylindraceous, 
the lowermost somewhat flattened and acutely two-edged; unsheathed axial portions 
between two partial. inflorescences very long and very powerfully clawed ; secondary 
spathes unarmed, very strictly sheathing, tubular, slightly infundibaliform or somewhat 
narrowed at the base, obsoletely angular, truncate, entire and furfuraceous-ciliolate at 
the mouth; spikelets inserted above the mouth of their own spathe with a distinct 
axillary callus, spreading, arched, thick, somewhat flattened, the lower ones the 
largest, 7-9 cm. long, with 10-16 flowers on each side, the uppermost somewhat 
shorter; spathels very closely packed, deeply concave, subbracteiform or almost boat- 
shaped, furfuraceous like the other parts of the spikelet, acute at one side, striately 
veined; involucrophorum cupular, almost exsert from its own spathel, which is slightly 
pushed down by it; involucre deeply aud regularly cupular, inserted into the involucre 
and not longer thin this, with the margin almost entire or superticially undulate ; 
areola of the neuter flower lunate, not very sharply defined. Female flowers bifarious, 
very closely packed, rather large, about 5 mm. long. rusting pertanth shortly 
pedicelliform, the calyx campanulate, smooth a+ the base (in the portion enclosed in 
the involucre), sharply and deeply striately veined and scabrid-furfuraceous upwards, 
divided down about to the middle into three broad lobes; the corolla with the 
segments not polished outside, as long as but narrower than the lobes of the calyx, 
Fruit closely packed, not regularly bifarious, obovate, suddenly and stoutly beaked, 
15-17 mm, long including the beak, 1 cm. in diam., somewhat tapering towards 
the base, sometimes deformed by mutual pressure; scales in 18 series, shining, 
slightly channelled along the middle, straw-yellowish with a rather broad reddish- 
brown intramarginal line, somewhat prolonged into an acute point, the margins 
scarious, very finely fringed, chiefly at the point. Seed ovoid-elliptic, round to both 
ends, about 1 em. long and 7 mm. thick, deeply pitted and deeply ruminated, with 
a narrow and deep circular chalazal |fovea on the centre of the raphal side and 
with the embryo almost on the centre of the opposite face. 
HanrrAT.—Singapore on Bukit Mandai (Ridley No. 6280 (9) in Herb. Becc.); 
and in the garden jungle (Ridley No. 10861 (2) in Herb. Kew). The Malayan 
Peninsula in the district of Perak at Thaiping, No. 8484, and at Larut, No. 5527 
(Sir, G. King’s collectors in Herb. Calc.). 
Oxservations.—By its ruminated seed with lateral embryo this enters into the 
group with €. gracilis and C. melanacanthus, though somewhat departing from these in 
Ann. Ror. Bor. Garp. CarcurrA Vor. XI. 
