C. palustris.) BECCARI MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 401 
into a short and thick apex, and. smaller than that of “Rotang Calappa ” 
(Daemonorops calappariua). | 
146. CALAMUS PALUSTRIS Griff. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. v. 61, and Palms 
Brit. Ind. 71. pl. cxom; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm iii, 339; Miq. Fl. 
Ind. Bat. ii. 131; Walp. Ann. iii. 490 and v. 831; Hook. fil. Fl. 
Brit. Ind. vi. 458; Becc. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. ii. 211. 
C. latifolius (not of Roxb.) Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xlii. 2, 
(1874) 210, pl. xxr a, and For. Fl. Brit. Burma ii. 518 (partly). 
Description.—Scandent, of moderate or rather large size. Sheathed stem 3-4 
cm., the naked canes 2-25 cm, in diam. with a polished yellowish-green surface; 
the internodes about 20 cm. long. Leaf-sheaths not flagelliferous, distinctly gibbous 
above, obliquely truncate at the mouth, light coloured when dry, usually armed 
with not many but very large, pale, broadly laminar, deflexed, solitary, scattered or 
subconfluent or even subseriate, 2-3 cm. long, broad-based snd underneath concave 
spines.  Ocrea (in the leaves of the upper part of the plant) very rudimentary, 
liguliform. Leaves large, those of tbe upper part of the plant cirriferous; petiole 
in young vigorous plants rather long, in those of the upper part of the floriferous 
stems 8-10 cm. long or at times almost obsolete, and, like the first portion of the 
rachis, more or less spinous at ihe sides, flat above where smooth or more or less 
armed with very short erect spines, rounded beneath where smooth or more or less. 
clawed; upwards (the rachis) subcylindraceous or obsoletely angular or subtrigonous, 
armed with black-tipped claws; these solitary lower down, ternate and half-whorled 
higher up; cirrus very robust and long, obsoletely angular, powerfully, closely and 
regularly armed with half-whorls of strong black-tipped claws; leaflets not very 
numerous, inequidistant, usually approximate by twos or ternate, with long vacant 
spaces interposed on each side of the rachis, the fascicles being alternate or sub- 
opposite, often with a solitary leaflet interposed, firmly papyraceous, more or less 
broadly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate and almost equally narrowed to both ends or 
even oblanceolate, acute at the bases, acuminate at the summit into a sometimes 
rather long bristly tip, more or less concavo-convex; glabrous, green and subshining 
above where striped along the margins, especially on the lower one and occasionally 
also longitudinally on the blade, with polished brown bands, these corresponding to 
the exposed part in prefoliation, subconcolorons or paler beneath, 5-7-costulate, the 
costae acute above, slender beneath and naked on both surfaces or occasionally with 
a few spinules on the mid-costa above; transverse veinlets rather close together and 
very minute; margin almost naked or sparsely spinulous lower down, ciliate upwards 
and rather densely setose at the apex; the largest leaflets, the intermediate, usually 
30-40 em. long and 3-6 cm. broad, but sometimes as much as 50 by 8-10 cm. 
Male spadiz ultradecompound at its base, simply decompound upwards, shorter than 
the leaves, forming a large panicle 1-1°5 m. long with many not very remote partial 
inflorescences, terminating in a subflagelliform (20-50 em. long) aculeolate appendix ; 
upper primary spathes tubular-subcylindraceous, slightly enlarged above, closely 
sheathing, more or less armed with recurved prickles, decayed and lacerated at the 
summit; lower partial inflorescences about 50 cm. long with many branchlets at their 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. CarcurrA Vor. XI. 
