C. latifolius.) BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 407 
DzscnuiPrrow.-— High scandent and of moderate size. Sheathed stem about 3 cm., 
and the naked canes 15 mm. in diam.; internodes about 25 cm. long.  Leaf-sheaths 
non-flagelliferous, strongly gibbous above, more or less armed with very large laminar 
elastic elongate-triangular sublanceolate, 2-3 cm. long spines, which are solitary or 
scattered, but more frequently confluent and with intervals of 3-6 cm., more or less 
irregularly whorled, their base is swollen above and concave beneath. Oecrea very 
short, axillary, liguliform. Leaves of the upper part of the adult plant 2-255 m. in 
length in the pinniferous part; the cirrus itself another metre long and armed 
with numerous strong, more or less aggregate irregularly half or $-whorled claws; 
petiole short and stout, 10-20 cm. long, rounded and unarmed beneath, the margins 
acute at first, obtuse upwards, more or less spinulous, flattish and usually smooth 
above; rachis in the first portion convex on both surfaces and armed with solitary 
strong claws beneath; in the upper part obtusely bifaced and smooth above and 
obsoletely angular beneath, where armed with half-whorls of strong claws; leaflets 
relatively few, 28-30 in all, very inequidistant, not very regularly geminate on 
each side of the rachis, with irregular vacant spaces (15-25 cm. long) interposed 
(the pairs of one side subopposite or alternating with those of the other side), 
thinly papyraceous and rather flaccid in texture, green, subeoncolorous on both 
surfaces, broadly lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate conspicuously concavo-convex, very 
often streaked along the lower margin and often also on the blade in the upper 
surface with one or more brown, polished, longitudinal bands, narrowed towards and 
acute at the base, where not callous at their insertion, rather shortly acuminate into 
a not very long and bristly-hispid apex; the intermediate ones, the largest, 30-35 
em. long, 6-8 cm. broad, 5-7-costulate; the lower ones and those of the summit 
much smaller and 3-5-costulate; the mid-costa barely distinguishable from the side 
ones, all tenuous and not very prominent and naked on both surfaces; secondary 
nerves rather distinct and numerous; transverse veinlets very minute, rather crowded ; 
margins appressedly spinulous. Leaves of the young plants not cirriferous and 
terminating in two leaflets more or less united by their base and with tho petiole 
more or less elongate, semiterete and variously spinous. Male spadiv (see var. 
marmoratus). Female spadiz simply decompound, rigid, erect, paniculate, not very 
diffuse, shorter than the leaves, in one specimen about 60 cm. long with not many 
(3-4) rather approximate spreading partial inflorescences on each side, und terminating 
in a very small and short aculeolate tail-like appendix; primary spathes 7-8 cm. long, 
coriaceous, tubular, closely sheathing, the first compressed, with two acute and spinuous 
edges, the upper ones more cylindraceous, slightly enlarged above, more or less armed 
on the outer side with rather robust subdeflexed spines, truncate and entire at the 
mouth and prolonged at one side into a triangular, more or less decayed and dorsally 
keeled point ; partial inflorescences rather short, terminating in a short (about 1 em, 
long) tail-like appendix, the lower ones, the largest, 15-20 cm, long, with 4-6 
spikelets on each side; secondary spathes fugaciously scaly-furfuraceous, tubular- 
infundibuliform, slightly obliquely truncate, entire and ciliolate at the mouth, apiculate 
at one side, aculeolate towards the summit on the outer side; spikelets spreading, 
inserted just at the mouth of their own spathe, not distinctly callous at their axilla, 
the lower ones, the largest, 4-5 cm. long, somewhat zig-zag sinuous, bearing 8-10 
rather approximate flowers: on each side; the upper ones shorter and with fewer 
flowers; spathels more or less scaly-furfuraceous, shert, obliquely and broadly 
