440 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. (Ç. giganteus. 
slightly compressed, rounded at both ends and convex on both faces, covered by & 
thick adherent once fleshy and acid integument, 18-20 mm. long, 15 mm. broad 
and 12-13 mm. thick, minutely tubercled and pitted on the back; the chalazal . 
fovea in the centre of the raphal side; albumen deeply ruminated ; embryo lateral 
below the centre. 
HanrrAT.—Sumatra at Muara Enim and at Muara Dua in the Prov. of 
Palembang, Miquel. Probably also in the Island of Bangka. It furnishes a very 
long and big Rotang, and the very acid integument of the seed is eaten by the 
natives (Miquel). It receives the name of ‘‘Manan” and ‘ Mangnou” (Miquel). 
OsservaTions.—I have seen of this a few detached fruits from the authentic 
specimens in the Herbaria of the Leyden and Utrecht Museums and a complete 
spikelet in the Calcutta Herbarium belonging to the same gathering as the above 
fruits. Moreover, I have received a large fruiting specimen from a plant of 
uncertain origin cultivated in the Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg, but probably coming 
from Bangka as in the Leyden Museum one specimen of this same species is 
labelled: culta Bogor; Bangka. 
C. Manan is very closely related to €, giganteus. In the general characters of 
the female spadix, in the structure of the fruit and in the pedicelliform fruiting 
perianth, as weli as in the long-cirriferous leaves it approaches C. inermis and allied 
species; it is however distinct by the not geminate leaflets and the seed with the 
embryo situated on the face opposite the chalazal fovea a little below the centre, 
The fruiting perianth is organically connected by means of strong fibres with 
the involucra and the axis of the spikelets, and consequently the fruts in 
Herbarium specimens are very strongly attached to their spikelets and do not easily 
fall away, and it is only possible to detach them by laceration. 
It is one of the largest species of the genus, perhaps only second to C. 
andamanicus. 
Prate 196.—Calamus Manan Mig.—Base of a leaf with a small portion of the 
upper part of its sheath; an intermediate portion of a leaf (upper surface); one- 
of the lower leaflets; the basal portion of a partial inflorescence with mature fruit; 
seed seen from dorsal and raphal side and one lopgitudinally cut through the 
embryo.—From the Buitenzorg specimen mentioned above in Herb. Bece. 
167, Catamus GIGANTEUS Becc. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi, 460, and in 
Rec. Bot. Surv, Ind. ii, 215. 
Description.—Very robust, scandent. Leaf-sheaths almost wood y, gibbous above, 
5-7 cm, in diam,, glabrous, very powerfully armed with numerous unequal spines 
of which some very large, laminar, 2-3 cm. long, acuminate from a very broad 
base, solitary or slightly confluent and obliquely subseriate, usually deflexed; these 
intermingled with many others a good deal smaller and frequently ascendent. Leaves 
eirriferous (Scortechint), large, 2°5-3 metr. long (Scortechini); petiole 3:5 cm. broad at 
the base, where flat above—armed with short rather robust spines; rachis very robust, 
smouth above, and armed beneath only at the sides with comparatively small , claws- 
