€. Oxleyanus.)] BECCARL MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 451 
10-15 mm. broad, yellowish (when dry‘, polished, sparingly prickly near the base or 
quite smooth and flattish in the upper surface, rounded beneath, where smooth in 
the first portion or more or less armed throughout along the middle with short 
solitary. claws; margins armed with straight, horizontal, unequal,  brown-tipped 
spines, of which some very short, and others, chiefly those near thé base, 
up to 2 cm. long; rachis just beyond the petiole subbiconvex, in the intermediate 
portion with a very obtuse and smooth angle above and with solitary claws: 
beneath along the middle and still more at the sides; towards the summit acutely 
bifaced above, and beneath with the claws more or less aggregate or half-whorled 
along the middle and solitary, scattered and numerous at the sides; the cirrus rather 
robust and long, furnished with half-whorls of robust quinate black-tipped claws ; 
leaflets numerous, very distinctly grouped, inserted at a wider angle or sub-hori- 
zontal, all in one plane (not pointing different ways); the groups of each side 
composed of 4-10. leaflets, and these in each group almost equidistant (15-22 
mm. apart), the groups of one side. opposite or alternate with those of the other 
side and with long, vacant spaces (15-25 cm. long) interposed; all leaflets of about 
the same size and shape, 20-30 cm. long, 18-20 mm. broad, those near the 
cirrus barely smaller than the others, thinly papyraceous, glabrous, subshining and 
green on both surfaces, linear-lanceolate, somewhat narrowed towards the bese, 
gradually acuminate to the summit into a subulate bristly tip, 3- to sub-5-costulate, 
usually with the 3 central costae which are sprinkled on the’ upper surface with a 
few black bristles (these with a bulbous white base); the other 2 nerves usually 
slender and smooth or occasionally bristly; all nerves very slender and naked 
beneath; transverse veinlets sharp and distinct, much interrupted and not very 
approximate; margins acute, very adpressedly spinulous. Mule spadix  ultra-decom- 
pound, rather large, about 1 m, long; primary spathes papyracebus, smooth, or 
sparingly prickly, tubular, not very closely sheathing in their upper part where 
somewhat enlarged, opened ‘on the ventral side and prolonged into a narrowly auri- 
culiform, elongate, dorsally keeled, somewhat flattened, acuminate point; secondary 
spathes tubular, slightly enlarged above, closely sheathing, striately veined, prolonged 
at the summit into a triangular point, prickly chiefly on the outer side at the 
base, or smooth; partial inflorescences and branchlets inserted at or a little above the 
mouth of their own- spathe, with a more or less distinct axillary callus; tertiary 
spathes usually unarmed; spikelets spreading, inserted at the mouth of their own 
spathe, slightly callous at their insertion, 2-3'5 em. long (that terminating the 
branchlets somewhat longer) with 10-16 horizontal flatly bifarious flowers on each 
side; spathels bracteiform, very broad, concave, strongly deflexed, the point short, 
broad, cutwm cx PN subtending the flower; involuere exactly cupular, some- 
times longer than broad, deep, entire, shorter than its own spathe and laterally 
attached to the base of the one above. Male flowers oblong and rounded at the top 
when in bud, 4 mm. long; calyx shortly campanulate, faintly striately veined, 
with 3 very broad, short, triangular, acute teeth; corolla twice as long as the calyx 
or even longer; segments oblong, smooth outside, Female spadix simply decompound 
with: many partial inflorescences; primary spathes as in the male spadix, but 
perhaps more thick in texture and more densely prickly; partial inflorescences 
diffuse, spreading, arched, inserted at or near the mouth of their own spathes ; 
Axx. Rex. Bor. Garn., Catcutta Vor. XI. 
