C. subinermis] BECCARI MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 459 
somewhat stalked or slightly raised above the involucrophorum. The Calcutta specimen 
consists of a portion of a spadix with the fruit wanting and of the basal por- 
tion of a leaf with its sheath; this about 3 em. in diam., strongly gibbous above and 
armed with many light-coloured solitary, short, 5-10 mm. long, acicular, horizontal, 
bulbous spines; the petiole reduced to nothing, the lowest pair of leaflets being 
inserted just at the mouth of the sheath; the first portion of the rachis flat at 
the base and convex upwards in the upper surface where densely covered with short 
straight erect spines and rather densely clawed beneath in the middle and at the sides; 
the portion of the pinniferous part seen by me (35 em. in length) bears 6 leaflets on 
each side, which are subequidistant, subopposite, lanceolate, almost equally tapering 
towards both ends, subconcolorous, 5-7-costulate; the mid-costa spinulous, especially 
near the base, and the other nerves only occasionally sparingly spinulous above, all 
quite naked beneath; the largest leaflets 80 cm. long, 7 cm. broad; the apical part 
of the spadix rather elongate-flagelliform and more or less aculeolate; the primary 
spathes rather densely armed with very small and short subbulbous black-tipped 
prickles; the involucrophorum much more like that of the type, being sometimes 
almost sessile. 
PLATE 207.-—Oalamus unifarius var. Pentong Becc. Naked cane; portion of a leaf 
(probably a radical one); the summit of a  spadix with immature  fruit.—From 
Man's specimen in Herb. Beccari. 
177. Carawus suBINERMIS H. Wendl, name only in Herb. Kew; Becc. in 
Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. ii, 212. 
Descriprion.—Robust and very probably scandent. Zeaf-sheaths 4 cm, in diam., 
thick and woody, strongly gibbous above, smooth (not striate or scabrid), altogether 
unarmed, light greenish (when dry), fugaciously ashy-furfuraceous, obliquely truncate 
and naked at the mouth. Ocrea very short (or deciduous ?). Leaves large, cirriferous, 
the only one seen by me 2:5 m. long in the pinniferous part, the cirrus robust 
1 m. long, closely armed with half-whorls of robust black-tipped claws; petiole 
short (12 em. long) and robust (15 mm. broad), rounded and unarmed beneath, 
flattish and smooth above, margins rather acute, armed with tuberculiform spinules 
rachis in its lower third-part armed like the petiole at the sides with spiny tubercles 
and naked beneath along the middle, and upwards beneath at first with remote 
solitary claws which become geminate and ternate and always more approximate 
towards the base of the cirrus; in the upper surface the rachis is flat and naked 
in its first portion, obtusely bifaced in the intermediate one and almost rounded at 
the summit; petiole, rachis and cirrus glabrous and almost polished, very 
indistinctly longitudinally striolate ; leaflets not very numerous (16-17 on each side), 
subequidistant, remote (10-15 cm. apart), alternate or subopposite, elongate-lanceolate, 
a good deal narrowed to and strongly plicate at the base, gradually acuminate at 
the summit into a densely bristly tip, papyraceous, green, opaque on both surfaces, 
slightly paler beneath, plicate, many-nerved with 5 distinct acute costae, these furnish- 
ed with black spiny bristles above; beneath all nerves smooth ; transverse veinlets 
delicate, rather approximate; margins rather closely and adpressedly  ciliate-spinu- 
lous; the largest leaflets, those of the intermediate part, 50-60 cm. long 5-55 
Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. Carevrra Vor, XI. 
