C. aruensis) BECCARI. MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMUS. 461 
C. aruensis Becc. and C. Holrungii Becc. differing from the first in its leaf-sheaths 
strongly armed and from the second in the leaflets with the midcosta spinulous 
above and in the smaller fruit, From C, unifarius it apparently differs only in the 
smaller fruit. : 
179. CarAwUs ARUENSIS Becc. Malesia, iiij 61, and in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. ii, 
212, 
Caiamus sp. No. 45, Becc. Malesia, i, 88. 
.  Descrrprion.—Robust, scandent. Sheathed stem 3-4 cm. in diam. Leuf-sheaths not 
flagelliferous, very thick, almost woody, strongly gibbous above, obliquely truncate, 
at the mouth, greenish even when dry, totally unarmed. Oerea very short, liguli- 
form, naked. Leaves large, quite epetiolate, about 2 metres long in the pinniferous 
portion end terminating in a long, rather irregularly’ clawed cirrus ; rachis, in 
its lowest part near the vagina, very robust, nearly 2 cm. broad, quite unarmed, 
flattish above, a little higher up slightly biconvex and from about the middle to 
the summit more or less bifaced and naked above, flat and armed beneath 
along the middle, and sparingly also at the sides, with solitary claws; leaflets not 
very numerous, about 30 in all, equidistant, usually alternate, 10-15 cm. apart on 
each side; very firmly papyraceous, green even when dry, shining above, slightly 
paler beneath, quite glabrous. and smooth on both surfaces, large, broadly 
lanceolate, almost equally narrowed tuwards both ends, acute at the base, where 
distinctly callous beneath in the sinus formed by the  plicature of the blade at 
its insertion, acuminate at the summit into a spinulous tip, plicate, many-nerved, 
with 5 acute and strong costae and other minor but distinct secondary nerves; 
all naked on both surfaces; transverse veinlets very fine, excessively humerous and 
very approximate and continuous; ; margins smooth - the lower third.part, 
adpressedly spinulous upwards; the spinules more spreading and more numerous 
towards the summit, the lower one in the upper surface bordered with a narrow 
polished band; the largest leaflets, those a little above the base, 40-50 cm, 
long, 7-85 cm. broad; those towards the summit gradually. smaller and more 
remote; the first pair deflexed, strongly callous at the base, inserted just at the 
mouth of the sheath and. very small (15 cm. long and 15 mm. broad). Mals 
spadiz . . . . » Female spadiz not very large, rather rigid and Straight ; the portion 
seen by me, which is without the base, is r1 metro long, ineluding a terminal sub- 
flagelliform, slender, sparingly prickly, tail-like, 25 cm. long appendix and 
with 4 partial inflorescences; upper primary spathes elongate, tubular-cylindraceous 
or very- obsoletely angular, slightly larger at the base than at the summit, rather 
closely sheathing, finely longitudinally striate, obliquely truncate, entire and naked 
at the mouth, slightly prolonge? at one side into a short dorsally keeled, triangular 
point, totally smooth, with the exception of a few hooked prickles near the summit, 
very suddenly narrowed at the base into a very flattened unarmed axial portion ; 
partial inflorescences inserted just at the mouth of their own spathe, spreading, 
strongly arched, their axis robust at the base, gradually narrowing towards the 
summit and terminating in a very small, inconspicuous, short, smooth caudiculum ; 
the larger ones the lowest, 20 cm. long with 8 spikelets on each side; the 
appen shorter with halt that number of spikelets; secondary spathes very 
