■ ful, cooperative uses of the sea and that make new and improved 

 technologies available to the less developed nations ; 



— to upgrade and assist domestic fishing and fish-processing indus- 

 tries through the development of markets for species not now 

 caught, new products, improved techniques, and expanded knowl- 

 edge of the oceans, 



This program concept considers all facets of the total system from 

 raw ocean resources to consumer : 



— It anticipates multiplying the presently used food resources of the 

 ocean by a factor of perhaps five, processing and distributing these 

 resources effectively in many forms suitable to the particular needs 

 abroad and in this country ; 



— It recognizes the need for more effective regulatory policies aimed 

 at maximizing sustainable worldwide yields and improving eco- 

 nomic efficiency ; 



— It includes the concepts of "ranching" to increase the supply, inno- 

 vative engineering, and systems analysis, as well as research, to 

 upgrade the equipment and techniques ; 



— It contemplates active participation of the United States and for- 

 eign governments and private enterprise, bringing to bear tech- 

 nology, capital, and entrepreneurship to establish a self-sustaining 

 industry. 



The program will place emphasis on exploring the types of food 

 which will be best suited to the needs of various people, both on a short- 

 term and long-term basis. 



First Step — A Demonstration of the Potential of Fish Protein Concentrate 



Initial steps to implement the long-range program can begin now. 

 Plans are being developed to exploit the special opportunities available 

 as a result of applied research by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 

 that has refined a relatively simple process for extracting low-cost ani- 

 mal protein from the lesser used fish of the sea. Whole hake and 

 similar species can be converted into a nutritious and wholesome pro- 

 tein concentrate (FPC). FPC is bacteriologically and biochemically 

 safe and stable without refrigeration or other special processing. It 

 can be incorporated into cereal products at a five- to ten- percent level 

 with no detectable "fishy" flavor. Its protein is easily digestible and 

 biologically available. Ten grams will provide adequate animal pro- 

 tein to meet the daily requirements of one child, at an estimated daily 

 cost of less than one penny. The relative costs of FPC compared to 

 protein from some other sources are shown in Table X. 



Since Congress has already authorized construction of a pilot plant, 

 and the Food and Drug Administration has approved FPC ^ after 



1 32 F.R. 1173 (Feb. 2, 1967). 



53 



