International Cooperation 



7. Collaboration in Oceanographic Research 



During the past year cooperation with the Soviet Union and other coun- 

 tries has increased in oceanography and fishery research. Specifically, there 

 have been exchange visits of oceanographers, reciprocal calls by large oceano- 

 graphic research vessels, and development of collaborative fishery research 

 projects. A useful step in improving cooperation has been the adoption of a 

 U.S. policy to reduce administrative delays in arranging for Soviet fishery 

 research ships engaged in bilateral research programs to call at U.S. ports. 

 As the tracks of United States oceanographic ships and ships of other nations 

 cross more frequently, expansion of these very modest efforts is essential to 

 eliminate unnecessary duplication and foster availability of data to each 

 other. Such collaboration can make a major contribution to international 

 cooperation and understanding and to effective use of the sea. 



The seven above listed international activities provide innumerable op- 

 portunities for our marine science programs to contribute to international 

 understanding through (a) joint working projects, and (b) multilateral 

 development of legal arrangements to prevent conflicts. Indeed, the 

 only alternative to international cooperation in oceanic matters is anarchy 

 on the seas. 



33 



