Non-Federal Institutions 



merit and applications that would render the United States competitive in 

 the international market, or make offshore sources of resources competitive 

 with sources on land. 



The Federal Government has a variety of programs of general assistance 

 to business which are applicable to marine industr)', and some of direct 

 assistance. Examples of Government programs to encourage development 

 of ocean resources through industrial participation are summarized below: 



A. Government Sponsorship of Research and Development: 



1. Research. 



2. Advanced engineering. 



3. Technology transfer. 



B. Financial Measures : 



1 . Sharing of research or capital facilities costs. 



2. Government stockpiling of strategic materials. 



3. Special encouragement programs such as Economic Develop- 



ment Administration projects, small business loans, land 

 grants, foreign aid, loan guarantees, and reinsurance. 



4. Special tax provisions such as the investment credit. 



C. Laws and Regulations: 



1. Laws of ownership, patents, and property rights. 



2. Leasing regulations and administration. 



3. Anti-trust laws and administration. 



4. Public utility regulations. 



5. Quasi-public-private corporations (e.g., COMSAT) . 



6. Production allowables or quotas. 



7. Setting of national and international standards on equipment 



design, component design, etc. 



D. Social Overheads and Other Social Measures: 



1. Development of human resources through education assistance 



programs such as Sea Grant College Program, research grants 

 to universities, etc. 



2. Provision of forecasts, statistical and other information services. 



3. Ports, harbors, and waterway development and navigation aids. 



4. Police protection, la^y enforcement, and rescue services. 



5. Coastal Zone development such as recreation preserves and pol- 



lution management. 



6. Environmental prediction, oceanographic data, and mapping 



and navigation services. 



7. Catastrophe assistance. 



8. Public health services. 



9. War-on-Poverty, depressed area, and urban redevelopment pro- 



grams, etc., in maritime regions. 



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