Transport and Trade 



— information on the source of pollutants in the ocean including a 



review of current standards governing oil discharges; 

 — procedures to protect central areas and shorelines including investiga- 

 tion of the feasibility of (a) sand-filled nylon bags to serve as dikes, 

 (b) large rubber, plastic, or polyethylene sheets anchored on critical 

 beach areas, and (c) beach skimming devices with capability of 

 separating sand from the pollutants ; and 

 — procedures for increasing safety in harbors, including establishment 

 of (a) port advisory services, including radio broadcasts of naviga- 

 tional information, marine traffic activities, and emergencies — with 

 exp>erimental service initiated in San Francisco, and (b) a national 

 information center on hazardous cargoes moving in water transpor- 

 tation, their properties, effects if accidentally released, and protective 

 measures to be taken in the event of an accidental release. 

 The proposed funding levels for FY 1970 for these activities are FWPCA — 

 $1.7 million, Coast Guard — $2.6 million. The Corps of Engineers will par- 

 ticipate as appropriate. 



In addition to the preceding work on corrective aspects, the Coast Guard 

 has initiated a program of research and regulatory action to prevent pollu- 

 tion by ship cargoes. Special emphasis is being placed on chemicals because 

 of their great potential hazard and the present lack of knowledge about 

 their behavior in the marine environment. The program includes the fol- 

 lowing activities: 



— development of new regulations for bulk chemical carriers with de- 

 sign requirements based, in part, on pollution potential of the cargoes ; 

 — revision and extension of the recent Guide to Hazard Evaluation of 



Chemicals in Bulk Water Transportation; 

 — sponsorship of a Bureau of Mines investigation of the behavior and 

 hazards of massive releases of extremely cold (—258° F) liquefied 

 natural gas into water in the event of a vessel casualty; and 

 — control of foreign vessels desiring to carry unusually hazardous car- 

 goes into and out of U.S. ports and development of international 

 standards for bulk chemical carriers. 



Preparing for Port Development and Redevelopment 



Future requirements for U.S. ports and harbors will probably be charac- 

 terized by: 



— limitations on costly channel improvement projects and concentra- 

 tion of very large bulk vessels at a limited number of deep water 

 ports constituting major bulk cargo transshipment centers; 



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