"Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know 

 where we can find information upon it." — samuel johnson 



Chapter XIII 



INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 



Information responsive to the diverse needs of scientists, engineers, and 

 program planners is critical to the success of ocean-oriented activities. Sev- 

 eral types of information are needed : 



— environmental data concerning the nature of the oceans and the 

 interactions of man's activities with the marine environment (real- 

 time and archival data including biological, geological, and chemi- 

 cal specimens) ; 

 — bibliographic and documentary information ; 

 — program management and budget information about past, present, 



and projected research activities ; and 

 — statistical, economic, and demographic information concerning man's 

 activities that impinge on or are affected by the marine environment. 

 Information requirements as well as data collection and distribution are 

 common to numerous Federal and non-Federal organizations. Producers and 

 users of data now include more than 30 bureaus in 15 Federal departments; 

 30 coastal and Great Lakes State governments concerned with developing 

 and regulating the use of marine resources; 250 Federal, State, academic, 

 and private laboratories involved in marine research; 1,100 merchant ships; 

 100,000 commercial fishermen; several million sport fishermen; tens of thou- 

 sands of marine data users in oil and other industrial firms; tens of millions 

 of recreational swimmers and boaters in the coastal and Great Lakes States; 

 hundreds of thousands of Navy and Coast Guard men in our fleets; and 

 more than 7,000 scientists, engineers, specialists, technicians, and others 

 engaged in marine research and development activities. Thus, the Marine 



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