TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 



PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE m 



VICE PRESIDENT'S LETTER v 



PREFACE vn 



INTRODUCTION 1 



Role of the Council 2 



Annual Reports — A Measure of Progress 3 



I. MARINE SCIENCES AND NATIONAL GOALS 7 



Federal Marine Sciences Policy 8 



The Five-Point Program for Fiscal Year 1971 11 



The Federal Marine Sciences Budget 12 



Developing a Concerted National Effort 13 



II. PERSPECTIVE ON PRESERVING THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT. . 17 



Upsetting the Ocean's Ecological Balance 17 



Characteristics of Ocean Pollution 19 



Sources of Pollutants 19 



Effects of Ocean Pollution 22 



International and National Concern 24 



Acting To Preserve the Marine Environment 28 



III. ENHANCING THE BENEFITS FROM THE COASTAL ZONE .... 31 



Initiatives To Meet Needs of Coastal Development 34 



Coastal Zone Management 34 



Coastal Zone Research 37 



Pilot Study of Lake Restoration 37 



Program for the Great Lakes 38 



Enhancing Water Quality 39 



Santa Barbara Oil Spill 41 



San Francisco Bay 45 



Chesapeake Bay 46 



Conservation and Recreation 46 



Cozistal Projects of Federal Agencies 48 



Opportunities for the Future 49 



IV. FACILITATING TRANSPORTATION AND TRADE 51 



Policy To Improve the Merchant Fleet 51 



Research and Development Supporting Maritime Activities 53 



Transportation Support Services 58 



Arctic Voyage of SS Manhattan 59 



Looking to the Future 61 



V. ENCOURAGING DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE MINERAL 



RESOURCES 63 



Status of Marine Mining 64 



Impediments to Progress 67 



Government's Role and Agency Responsibilities 69 



Programs of the Department of the Interior 71 



Activities of Other Agencies 75 



Growing Global Interest and Capability 77 



Major Challenges of the Seventies 80 



IX 



