(6) Frequent activation of blowout prevention equipment to test for 

 • proper functioning; 



( 7 ) Prompt reporting of leakage or spills to the Coast Guard and the 

 Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, in addition to the 

 Geological Survey's regional supervisor; and 



(8) Control and total removal of the pollutant, wheresoever found, 

 at the expense of the lessee, in case of pollution damaging or threaten- 

 ing to damage aquatic life, wildlife, or public or private property. 



The combined effect of these improvements — both technological and 

 managerial- — -will be to progressively lessen the likelihood of spills such as 

 that off Santa Barbara, and to assure quick containment and correction if 

 they do occur. 



Research and development projects currently underway looking toward 

 technological improvements include the following: 



Design and fabrication of a prototype air-delivered transfer pumping 

 and storage system is in progress and field tests are underway. The objective 

 is to provide a quick-response capability to remove bulk oil from a stricken 

 vessel before it is spilled. 



Investigations are in progress on the utility of ultraviolet to infrared, 

 and microwave sensors, for possible use in all-weather, direct reading, air- 

 borne detection of oil spills. 



Investigations are being carried out on techniques to permanently sink 

 oil slicks through the use of chemically treated sand. 



An engineering study is in progress to establish design criteria for the 

 development of containment booms for use on the high seas. 



San Francisco Bay 



"San Francisco Bay is an irreplaceable gift of nature that man can either 

 abuse and ultimately destroy — or improve and protect for future genera- 

 tions." This introductory statement sets the theme of the San Francisco 

 Bay plan, produced by California's San Francisco Bay Conservation and 

 Development Commission. In carrying out its studies, the group drew 

 on the knowledge of public, industry, local, and State groups, as well as 

 the Corps of Engineers, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, 

 and the Public Health Service. 



During 3 years of deliberation, the Commission produced 23 volumes 

 of technical reports in addition to its final plan. The group concluded 

 that the San Francisco Bay complex could serve human needs to an even 

 wider degree than it does now, but that programs of development, modifi- 

 cation, and correction must be developed on a regional rather than a local 

 basis. 



A major tool in the planning and implementation of such programs will 

 be the Corps of Engineers model of the bay. This scale model, equipped 

 to reproduce and measure pertinent phenomena including tides, currents, 

 salinity content of the water, and shoaling of the bottom, provides an excel- 

 lent test bed for advance evaluation of activities contemplated for the area. 

 During the past year, extensions to the model were completed incorporating 

 the delta of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Rivers. 



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