(3) Improved hull structure design to reduce ship cost by about 20 

 percent ; 



(4) Additives to reduce ship resistance to water flow, yielding a 

 5 -percent saving in operational cost; 



(5) Steps toward automation of shipboard functions to reduce op- 

 eration costs and to improve job opportunities for personnel; 



(6) Development of a low-cost multi-application dry-bulk cargo 

 competitive merchant ship ; 



(7) Measurements of sea wave spectra for improved ship design and 

 seaworthiness predictions ; and 



(8) Utilization of higher strength steels, to reduce displacement by 

 15 percent, resulting in reduction in power requirements and operation 

 costs. 



The Departments of Commerce, Transportation, and Defense all support 

 research and development efforts related to novel shipping concepts, marine 

 equipment, and advanced ship design. Funding for these programs is sum- 

 marized in table IV-I. 



Table IV-1 — Funding for Ocean Transportation 



[III millions of dollars] 



Estimated Estimated President's 

 Activity and supporting agency fiscal year fiscal year budget 



1969 1970 fiscal year 



1971 



Vessel and port technology ' 



Department of Commerce (MAR AD) 9.2 16.6 23.2 



Channel and harbor development research - 



Army Corps of Engineers 2. 7 2. 9 4. 1 



Safety, navigation aids, pollution control ^ 



Department of Transportation (Coast Guard) 4. 8 10. 1 13. 6 



Total 16.7 29.6 40.9 



' Limited to R&D and scientific services; excludes funding for capital works or maritime subsidies, opera- 

 tions, and routine services. 



2 Limited to R&D, feasibility studies, and Great Lakes data collection and analysis; excludes about $200 

 mOlion for channels, harbors, and other projects providing navigation, shore protection, and recreation 

 support. 



3 Pollution control does not include funds of the Department of the Interior (FWPCA). These are in- 

 cluded as a part of "Water Quality Enhancement" under Development and Conservation of the Coastal 

 Zone in app. A-1, and amount to an estimated $8.8 million in fiscal year 1969; $17.0 million in fiscal year 1970; 

 and $16.4 million in fiscal year 1971. 



In addition, these Departments also provide services in support of ship- 

 ping, such as nautical charts, the costs of which are included in the appro- 

 priate funding tables of other chapters. 



The Maritime Administration of the Department of Commerce is sup- 

 porting a number of research and development projects bearing on ocean 

 shipping problems. These include the following : 



1. Research in maritime science and technology looking beyond the 

 current state-of-the-art in search of basic technological breakthroughs which 

 will raise the level of marine scientific knowledge and provide a better 

 understanding of design and operational problems. 



54 



