(6) Maintain safe and healthful working conditions during mining 

 and mineral processing; 



(7) Manage the mineral resources of Federal lands in accordance 

 with sound business principles ; 



(8) Manage U.S. mineral resources so as to assist in maintaining a 

 favorable balance of payments; 



(9) Provide supporting services such as mapping and charting, 

 weather and sea forecasting, aids to navigation, ice breaking and channel 

 maintenance, and rescue-at-sea activities; and 



( 10) Provide a climate for industry to produce efficiently under com- 

 petitive conditions the minerals required for the domestic economy and 

 foreign trade. 



In carrying out this role, it is assumed that the actual production of the 

 minerals from the sea as well as from land will continue to be accomplished 

 by private industry. 



Programs which directly and indirectly contribute to the development 

 and management of marine minerals are conducted by a large number of 

 Federal agencies and include — 



(1) Resource mapping, delineation, and assessment to identify the 

 general distribution and economic potential of seabed minerals — 

 Geological Survey, Corps of Engineers, Environmental Science Serv- 

 ices Administration ; 



(2) Leasing and management of federally-owned land — Geological 

 Survey ; Bureau of Land Management ; 



(3) Development of prototype mining and processing methods and 

 systems prohibitively expensive for industry to undertake alone — Bureau 

 of Mines, Office of Saline Water; 



(4) Supply and demand analyses for minerals and fuels — Bureau of 

 Mines; 



(5) Supporting services such as bathymetric charting, geophysical 

 surveys, logistic support, environmental forecasting, and safety-at-sea — 

 Environmental Science Services Administration, Navy, Coast Guard, 

 Corps of Engineers ; 



(6) Research on seafloor origin, structure, and processes fundamental 

 to understanding and predicting mineral occurrences — National Science 

 Foundation, Navy, Geological Survey; 



(7) Administration of U.S. tax, customs, regulatory, and import- 

 export policies — Departments of Treasury, Justice, and Interior, Federal 

 Power Commission, Interstate Commerce Commission; and 



(8) Participation in international negotiations on issues affecting 

 marine mineral development — Department of State. 



Coordination of these diverse but interrelated activities to serve industry, 

 State and local governments, and the general public is accomplished through 

 a variety of interagency mechanisms, most of which involve Executive Office 

 overview by the Office of Science and Technology, the Council of Economic 

 Advisers, the National Security Council, the Bureau of the Budget, and the 

 Marine Sciences Council. Under the Marine Resources and Engineering 

 Development Act of 1966 (app. B-2), the Marine Sciences Council is 



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