1. In early 1968, investigators at Nicholls State College, Louisiana, at- 

 tempted management of shrimp stocks in marsh impoundments. One of two 

 ponds was used in its natural state. In the second, most predators were 

 destroyed before introduction of the shrimp larvae, while blue crabs — a mar- 

 ketable predator — were trapped during the shrimp growth period. The man- 

 aged pond ultimately produced about three times the weight of shrimp 

 produced in the unmanaged pond, thereby demonstrating a promising tech- 

 nique for increasing the offshore shrimp fishery and for shrimp aquaculture. 

 A commercial firm already is taking advantage of this research. 



2. Building on earlier studies, investigators at the University of Wisconsin 

 located deposits of manganese pellets in Green Bay which are similar to 

 deep sea manganese nodules. This discovery may have economic significance, 

 and research on the abundance, metal content, and refining of the pellets is in 

 progress. 



3. The Hawaiian tuna fishery, which still uses traditional methods of 

 chumming with live bait, has suffered because the bait fish — a species of 

 anchovy — cannot survive for more than 3 days in ship bait wells. How- 

 ever, the University of Hawaii's Institute of Marine Biology has now 

 developed methods of extending the storage life of bait fish up to 10 days, 

 and is experimenting with other local species in an attempt to find a hardier 

 alternative bait. 



4. With available land stocks of sand and gravel being depleted or made 

 inaccessible by construction and zoning, the seas and lakes are being 

 turned to increasingly as a primary source of aggregate materials. University 

 of Rochester scientists have located such deposits in Lake Ontario and com- 

 mercial firms have applied for recovery permits. 



The Sea Grant institutional support program, based on a multi-disciplinary 

 team approach to problem solving, made substantial gains during 1969. 

 At the University of Washington, economists, political scientists, and lawyers 

 are cooperating with physical, chemical, and biological oceanographers in 

 a comprehensive study of all major aspects of an embayment within Puget 

 Sound to determine how it may best be developed for human use while 

 maintaining the quality of the environment and its living resources. Texas 

 A&M University has begun a series of workshops to stimulate industrial, 

 academic, and State activity in marine resource development. Members 

 of the Governor's staff have joined as cosponsors. Attendance has been 

 excellent, and the discussions spirited and practical. 



Education and training continue to be advanced by Sea Grant institutional 

 programs. At the graduate level, most Sea Grant institutions developed new 

 courses to expand the marine-related options available to students, including 

 those majoring in the liberal arts and social sciences. The University of Rhode 

 Island instituted the Nation's first graduate program in marine affairs spe- 

 cifically designed for cross-disciplinary orientation of social scientists, inter- 

 national specialists, and administrators. Five schools developed a unified 

 training plan for marine technicians under the University of Washington 

 Sea Grant, with each specializing in the training of a particular type of 

 marine technician. Texas A&M University, Oregon State, and the University 

 of Miami have also initiated cooperative marine technician training pro- 



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