tors, 26 marketing firms for diving instruments and hardware and eight 

 diving consultant firms. 



The total number of commercial divers in the United States, including 

 those who work part time was estimated in 1968 to be about 1,500, divided 

 as indicated in table VIII-2. 



Table VI 1 1-1 — Estimates of Current Total Annual U.S. Expenditures on 



IVIan-in-tiie-Sea 



[In millions of dollars] 



1. Science (less than) 0.5 



2. Defense: 



Diving training 4. 5 



Diver equipment 6. 8 



Man-in-the-sea 7. 1 



Diving operations (approximately) 25.0 



3. Commercial (approximately) 45.0 



4. Recreation: 



Personal expenditures ^ 350. 



Diving equipment 22. 5 



Auxiliary equipment 25. 



Total (approximate) 486. 4 



1 Estimated on the basis of 1.5 million divers, 10 dives each year, at cost of between $20 

 and $25 per dive. 



Source : Derived from staff research. National Council on Marine Kesources aJid Engi- 

 neering Development, July 1969, 



In minerals exploitation, divers make possible visual survey, maintenance 

 and repair, evaluation of deposits, placement of drills and cores and inspec- 

 tion of underwater construction. In the near future it is anticipated that 

 they will help to monitor, control and correct beach erosion and pollution — 

 observing solid accumulations, determining emplaced structure effectiveness 

 and operating dredges. They will assist underwater construction, tunneling, 

 harbor development, installation of sewer outfalls, and aids to navigation. 

 They will permit greater recovery in salvage activities and disasters at sea. 



Table VIII-2— Commercial Divers in the United States 



Location Number 



East coast 150 



Florida 100 



Louisiana-Texas^ 1,000 



California' 250 



Alaska 60 



Total 1,560 



^ Peak season in summer. 



Source : Panel of Experts, 1968, National Council on Marine 

 Resources and Engineering Development. 



Man-in-the-sea techniques open new doors to the scientist. With aqua- 

 lungs and long-duration submerged laboratories equipped with lockout 

 submersibles he can make onsite observations of marine ecology, surveys for 

 geological maps, aquaculture, archeology, studies of human adaptability 

 and a wide range of specific scientific investigations in marine biology. At 



106 



